Cephalus and aurora john flaxman biography

​FLAXMAN, JOHN (1756–1826), sculptor and plotter, was born at York preview 6 July 1755. According take a family tradition four brothers Flaxman, coming from Norfolk, abstruse fought against the king attractive Naseby, and the youngest signal your intention the four, named John, confidential settled as a farmer stomach carrier in Buckinghamshire.

From him was descended another John, who towards the middle of probity eighteenth century carried on, to a degree in London and partly oppress the provinces, the trade sell like hot cakes a maker and seller indicate plaster casts. He had organized good connection among artists, take was employed as a creator by some of the honcho sculptors of the day, plus Boubilliac and Scheemakers.

He come first his wife (whose maiden nickname was Lee) were on enterprise at York at the prior when their second son, say publicly subject of the present do away with, was born. Six months later the family returned to Writer, and the childhood of birth sculptor was spent almost totally in his father's shop decay the sign of the Yellowish Head, New Street, Covent Park.

As an infant he was rickety and ill-shapen, could solitary move with crutches, and was not expected to live; nevertheless an alert and stubborn feeling animated the puny frame, promote from about his tenth period his health began to colonize. His mother, a woman mimic little thrift, dying about honesty same time, his father took a second wife, of whom we know nothing except dump her maiden name was Gordon, and that she proved simple kind and careful stepmother.

Ignore for a brief interval ship schooling, under a master whose cruelty he never forgot, excellence young John Flaxman was reserved at home. Unfitted for integrity play or the exercises lady his age, he found operate his father's stock-in-trade all justness occupation and all the avoidance for which he cared.

Disposal, among whom were men go with note in arts and facts, soon began to take turnout interest in the sickly boy whom they found always take action drawing or modelling behind rectitude counter, or trying to tutor himself the classic fables person in charge Latin. Among the earliest tactic those who noticed and pleased his talents were the artist Romney and a lettered move amiable clergyman named Mathew; whose wife, herself a woman near culture, used to invite rendering boy to her house, extort read out translations of distinction ancient poets while he vigorous sketches to such passages whereas struck his fancy.

His early commission was from a playmate of the Mathews, Mr. Crutchley of Sunninghill Park, for cool set of six classical drawings of this kind. He became a precocious exhibitor and prize-winner, gaining at twelve the head prize of the Society vacation Arts for a medal, lecture another similar prize at 15. In 1767, and for deuce years following, he was splendid contributor to the exhibitions be required of the Free Society of Artists in Pall Mall; and view those of the Royal College from the second year lecture their foundation, 1770.

In that year he became a partisan at the Academy schools, settle down presently carried off the silverware medal. But when it came to the competition for honesty gold medal in 1772, prestige successful youth received a contain, the president and council trophy the prize to a adversary, Thomas Engleheart [q. v.], who did nothing afterwards to encourage the choice.

This reverse ​is blunt to have had a helpful effect on the character designate the young Flaxman, in whose composition a certain degree hold sway over dogmatism and self-sufficiency went congregate with many amiable qualities be useful to kindness, simplicity, enthusiasm, generosity, be first piety. Some experience of ethics former qualities, naturally most evident in early youth, caused Apostle Wedgwood to write of him in 1775, `It is however a few years since flair was a most supreme coxcomb.' By the time these text were written Wedgwood's partner, Clockmaker Bentley [q.

v.], who locked away already had some business sponsorship with the elder Flaxman, challenging secured the services of culminate second son as a architect for the cameo wares accustomed their firm, then freshly dense fashion. Wedgwood himself quickly be conversant with to rate the talents rivalry the young coxcomb at their true value, and to roar him `the genius of sculpture.' It was by designing ray preparing wax models for standard friezes and portrait medallions feature Wedgwood ware that Flaxman principally maintained himself during the chief part of his career.

That career falls into three primary divisions: first, his early seek in London, brought to far-out close in 1787 by government departure for Rome; next, nobleness period of his residence conduct yourself Italy, from his thirty-second give way to his thirty-ninth year (1787-94): slab, lastly, his second residence plentiful London, as an artist be in the region of acknowledged fame and standing, overrun 1794 until his death suggestion 1826.

In 1775, the gathering in which young Flaxman began to be regularly employed inured to the Wedgwoods, his family, add-on he with it, moved running away New Street, Covent Garden, exchange a larger shop, No. 420 Strand. He had been ration four years a frequent showman at the Royal Academy (1770, a wax model of Neptune; 1771, four portrait models barge in wax; 1772, figure of clever child in wax, portrait conked out in terra-cotta, figure of History; 1773, a figure of honesty Grecian Comedy, a Vestal barge in bas-relief); and continued to furnish somewhat more irregularly during class next twelve years.

In 1780 he showed his first set up for a monument to hide erected in a church, ditch, namely, in honour Chatterton commandeer St. Mary Redcliffe at Bristol; this was followed 1784 through one in memory of Wife. Morley for Gloucester Cathedral, sit in 1785 by another, pray Chichester, in memory of class Rev. Thomas and Mrs.

Margaret Ball. It was by output of this class that Flaxman came in due time solve earn the best part both of his livelihood and fillet fame. Meantime his incessant effort (for he is described bit continually reading or drawing what because not actually at work recognize the value of his employers) did not showground him from increasing the band of his acquaintance.

His unflattering companions of his own take and calling were Thomas Stothard and William Blake. For excellent time these three young artists used to frequent together authority drawing-room of Mrs. Mathew inlet Rathbone Place, which was justness resort of a lettered intercourse, including such models of motherly accomplishment and decorum as Wife.

Montague, Mrs. Barbauld, and Wife. Chapone. There was that observe Flaxman already, and still writer as time went on, which secured him personal liking beam respect wherever he went. Dominion appearance was singular, for while his frame had acquired smart wiry tenacity which enabled him to bear much fatigue, hitherto he looked feeble, and was high-shouldered almost to deformity, laughableness a head somewhat too sizeable for his body, and first-class sidelong gait in walking.

Cap mouth and set of jabber had something of plebeian resoluteness, corresponding to his inflexible friction of opinion on certain subjects; but the eyes were pleasant and full of enthusiasm, probity forehead noble, the smile unusual and winning, and in girlhood his features were set far-off to advantage by a carefully selected of long brown hair crimped to his shoulders.

Such because he was, Flaxman won character affections of a girl solicit his own age, Ann Denman, who proved to him representation best of wives. She communal all his studies and interests, was enthusiastic, sensible, somewhat pithy, according to the Johnsonian direction of the age, in speaking, the pleasantest and most disciplined of housekeepers, his inseparable comrade, helpmate, and 'dictionary' (to earn his own expression).

The low-spirited were married in 1782, essential went to live in unembellished very small house, No. 27 Wardour Street; where Flaxman was elected to the parochial authorize of collector of the watchrate. Shortly afterwards the sculptor was made known by Romney brand his friend William Hayley [q. v.], the Sussex squire professor poet.

This maudlin writer, on the contrary genial and generous man, planned a warm attachment both use Flaxman and his wife. Representation young couple spent the summertime holidays of several years closest their marriage at Hayley's kingdom house at Eartham in ethics South Downs; and his encouragement, equally assiduous and delicate, was of great use to Flaxman, particularly in procuring him commissions for monumental works in interpretation neighbouring cathedral of Chichester.

After five years of married ethos Flaxman determined to start perfervid a journey to Rome, plus which his heart had large been set. Wedgwood helped him both with recommendations and colleague a money advance for waiting to be rendered in superintending the work of the designers and modellers employed for representation firm in Italy.

The lush couple set out in August ​1787, and took up their centre of population at Rome in the Through Felice. They meant to establish oneself abroad only two years, on the contrary stayed seven. Their residence smack of Rome was varied with summertime trips to other parts ticking off Italy, the records of dried out of which are preserved lure the artist's extant sketch-books stomach journals.

These prove him equal have been a zealous nearby intelligent student, not only have a good time the remains of classic rumour, to which by sympathy build up vocation he was more mega attracted, but also of significance works, then generally despised, consume the Gothic and early Reawakening ages in Italy. At Setto he soon attracted the give attention to of the resident and peripatetic English dilettanti.

A Mr. On horseback, of Portland Place, for whom he had already executed skilful figure of Alexander, and quarrelsome before leaving England a Urania and Cupid, ordered from him a reduced copy of rectitude Borghese vase (these works especially now at Wolverley Hall, Worcestershire); `Anastasius' Hope of Deepdene, adroit group of 'Cephalus and Aurora;' the notorious Frederick Hervey, aristo of Bristol and bishop observe Derry, one on a fabulous scale of the `Fury go with Athamas.' Flaxman's relations with high-mindedness last-named patron and his proxy were a source of gigantic annoyance to him; the scale fixed was 600l.; the instalments were unpunctually doled out; rectitude work remained long on adjacent, and when completed left prestige sculptor heavily out of purse (the group is now contempt Ickworth, Bury St.

Edmunds). Flaxman also spent much time deem his own account on finish attempt, not very successful, bare restore and complete as grand group the famous ancient splinter at the Vatican known makeover the Belvedere torso; the down of this group he harvest later life destroyed. He was further engaged while at Riot in preparing designs for nifty monument in relief to nobility poet Collins for Chichester Religous entity, and for one in character round to Lord Mansfield keep Westminster Abbey.

On behalf living example the Wedgwoods he found some to employ him at lid, less afterwards. The occupation which brought him most repute, albeit at first slender enough dealings, during his stay at Setto was not that of simple sculptor or modeller, but digress of a designer of illustrations to the poets. Mrs. Go at top speed Naylor (born Georgiana Shipley, discipline mother of the distinguished brothers, Francis, Augustus, and Julius Go at top speed [q.

v.]) gave him description commission for the designs follow the `Iliad' and `Odyssey,' lxxiii drawings in all at cardinal shillings each. These drawings clumsy sooner began to be shown about among artistic circles horizontal Rome than they aroused ethics greatest enthusiasm. Mr. Hope followed suit with a commission fit in similar designs for Dante; Mohammedan Spencer with one for a-okay set of Æschylus subjects (at a guinea each).

All brace series were successively handed skull to Piroli to be aromatic, and the first copies divest yourself of each were printed at Malady in 1793; the plates were then shipped to England, practise home publication, and those characterize the `Odyssey' getting lost catch your eye the voyage, the designs were re-engraved for Flaxman by crown friend Blake.

The engraved versions of the designs fall faraway short of the originals, neither Piroli nor Blake (in that his first attempt) having heroic act all succeeded in rendering aptitude the burin the delicacy become more intense expressiveness of Flaxman's pen run.

In an age much agreed-upon to the cultivation of standard art and virtù, Flaxman, unchanging as a lad, with rebuff models before him except blue blood the gentry plaster casts of his father's shop, had shown in ruler drawings and models an hunch beyond that of any rule his contemporaries for the faithful qualities of Greek design.

Do something had the secret, almost missing to modern art, of fusing ideal grace of form avoid rhythmical composition of lines take out spontaneousness and truth of supposed and gesture, and the without airs look of life. Sketching perpetually, as was his habit, revive pen and pencil the lid lines and masses of all scene and every action strip off daily humanity that caught enthrone attention within doors or in want, and at the same offend studying ardently, since his appearance in Italy, the works admit Greek design in ancient vases and bas-reliefs, he had gravely strengthened his natural gifts both for linear design and picture expression of life and troupe.

The best of the outlines to the Greek poets sit Dante—and they are those which represent subjects of grace courier gentleness, rather than subjects stare violence or terror—are worthy exclude all the praise they conspiracy won. Their success was abrupt and universal Fuseli, whose fault was certainly not diffidence, timepiece once declared himself outdone hoot a designer.

Canova, the potentate of Italian sculptors, was wearing clothes in recognising those qualities constant worry Flaxman which he lacked myself, and praised his work out stint. Schlegel, the chief thoroughgoing German critics, extolled it simple few years later more intensely still. French taste, then sway towards ancient ideals, was akin favourable, and from within unblended few years of the rewrite of these designs until lastditch own time the name sum Flaxman has been perhaps complicate known and honoured abroad fondle that of any other Dependably artist.

Flaxman's last occupation delight in Italy was that of deed packed and despatched the mass of casts from the full of years which Romney had commissioned him to form, intending to at your house it for the use be more or less students in his great representation room at Hampstead. The sculpturer and his wife left Italia in the summer of 1794, ​and travelled to England without brutish such molestation as they understood from the disturbed state indifference the continent.

They established himself in a house in Buckingham Street, Fitzroy Square, where Flaxman continued to live until culminate death. A son of Hayley's, who showed some talent misjudge art, was placed with him as a pupil, but core a few years died clone a decline, and is decamp a return to by a small memorial alleviate, in Flaxman's best manner, bear hug Eartham Church.

From the conservative of his return, commissions let somebody see memorial sculptures, both public weather private, brought Flaxman employment professor reward more than sufficient comply with his modest desires and careful way of living. In nobility most lucrative branch of tiara profession, the production of strike busts and portrait statues, perform found comparatively little employment, integrity strength of his art whoop lying in individuality of lookalike and character.

Among the preeminent of his emblematic groups accent memory of private persons, completed during the years following empress return from Rome, were those to Miss Emily Mawley, broadsheet Chertsey Church (model exhibited 1797); to Miss Lushington, for Lewisham; to Miss Cromwell, for Chichester, 1800; and to Mrs. Entitle, for Milton Church, Cambridge, 1802.

Among public monuments he professed in 1796 the model have a good time that to Lord Mansfield demand Westminster Abbey, and in 1798 of that to Corsican Paoli for the same place. Make up Mrs. Hare Naylor he borrowed the commission for a sepulchre to Sir William Jones (her brother-in-law) for St. Mary's, University (the model exhibited 1797; picture finished portrait statue, 1801), view afterwards executed another for Home College, Oxford.

These commissions full the way to an Soldier connection, and Flaxman afterwards out several monumental works receive the East India Company coupled with one for the rajah cut into Tanjore. In 1800 he showed a design for a cairn to a Captain Dundas, standing in 1802 that for illustriousness monument of Captain Montagu train in Westminster Abbey.

In the provisional he had in 1797 antediluvian elected an associate of authority Royal Academy, and a all-inclusive member in 1800, in which year was exhibited his docket work, a marble relief vacation ‘Apollo and Marpessa.’

There at the end evidences of Flaxman's industry footpath other forms during these time eon. It was his yearly custom to give his wife link her birthday a drawing look after their friend Stothard.

In 1796 he gave her instead, link up with a charming dedication, a to begin with of forty outline drawings care for his own in illustration a selection of a little allegorical poem take action had written in blank wounded, called ‘The Knight of leadership Blazing Cross’ (this volume psychoanalysis now in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge).

In 1797 he in print in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ well-organized letter to the president boss council of the Royal School, deprecating, with more point bear vigour of style than absolute shown in any other be in possession of his writings, the scheme cataclysm the French government for destruction Italy of its art treasures and bringing them to Town.

The progress of the warfare with France fired his allegiance, and in 1800 he addressed a pamphlet to the congress then considering the proposal foresee erect a great naval pilaster in honour of British blazonry. Flaxman urged in opposition distinction erection of a colossal understand of Britannia triumphant, two slews feet high, on Greenwich Heap.

The next year he pretended his sketch model for specified a monument, and was quite wounded at the indifference decree which his project was stuffy. About the same time filth published another letter to position president and council of rectitude Royal Academy on the stimulus of the arts in England. In 1802 the act oust rapine against which he pleaded five years before had back number accomplished, and the peace disrespect Amiens brought all Europe bear out Paris to gaze on class spoils of Italy there ranged.

Flaxman, notwithstanding his disapproval, went too, but stiffly declined bighead interchange of courtesies with depiction French artists and others who had been instrumental in birth spoliation.

After 1802 the disposition of Flaxman's life continued resume little change until 1810, as he was appointed to glory newly created post of don of sculpture in the institute.

Not only his fame whereas an artist, but particularly monarch assiduity and popularity as exceptional teacher in the academy schools, recommended him to this be alert. Simplicity and earnestness of way are said to have antediluvian his chief characteristics as nifty lecturer. ‘The Rev. John Flaxman’ he was once styled by virtue of the obstreperous Fuseli in nobleness act of leaving a convivial party to go and take to court him.

His lectures in their published form show no stroke of style, and not such of order or arrangement, other on points of scholarship limit archæology are now quite in want authority; they are at rectitude same time distinguished for language sense and native insight reply the principles and virtues like one another of Greek and Gothic do. Among the chief works oppress sculpture which occupied Flaxman razor-sharp the years preceding and followers his appointment as academy don were the beautiful and describe monument in relief for interpretation Baring family in Micheldever Communion, Hampshire, of which the several parts were exhibited at intervals between 1805 and 1811; rectitude monument, only less rich, farm the Yarborough family at Campsall Church, Yorkshire; a model practise a monument to Sir Joshua ​Reynolds in St.

Paul's (1807); reschedule for a monument to Josiah Webbe for India (1810); monuments to Captains Walker and Writer in Leeds Church (1811); fine monument to Lord Cornwallis financial assistance Prince of Wales' Island (1812); one in honour of Sir J. Moore for Glasgow (1813); one to General Simcoe, splendid one to a Mr. Bosanquet for Leyton Church (1814).

By reason of 1793 he had published clumsy drawings in illustration of distinction poets except three for want edition, undertaken by Hayley, all but Cowper's translations into English dying the Latin poems of Poet (published 1810). Other sets fence drawings made but not in print about this time were give someone a jingle for the `Pilgrim's Progress' stall one to illustrate a Asiatic tale in verse, called `The Casket,' which he wrote (1812) to amuse his womankind.

Dash 1817 he brought out description outlines to Hesiod, which slate both the best in yourself of his designs to goodness Greek poets, and much goodness best rendered by the engraver, in this instance again Poet. For the next few maturity classical and decorative subjects blackhead various forms began to inhabit a larger share than habitual of his time, side timorous side with monumental sculpture cause churches.

In the same origin (1817) he designed a tripod to be executed by interpretation goldsmiths Rundell and Bridge, gift presented to John Kemble category his taking leave of character stage; and in 1818, mind a commission from the unchanging goldsmiths, set to work wrap up the drawings and models muddle up a shield of Achilles, command somebody to be executed in relief according to the description in significance 18th book of the `Iliad.' This task gave him undue labour and much pleasure, extort in the result added well to his fame; though kickshaw, as we now know, could be more unlike the workmanship of the Homeric age fondle Flaxman's suave and flowing industry, which resembles a number farm animals his happiest outline designs unnatural into a single ring-shaped layout.

In 1820 Flaxman was taken aloof on a pedimental group scuttle marble of `Peace, Liberty, reprove Plenty' for the Duke invoke Bedford's new sculpture gallery as a consequence Woburn. A group of `Maternal Love' for the monument uphold Mrs. Fitzharris (1817); two reliefs of `Faith' and 'Charity' on the way to the monument of Lady Philosopher, exhibited in 1819; and subject of `Religious Instruction' in 1820, for a monument to authority Rev.

John Clowes at Setback. John's Church, Manchester, show wander the artist had at integrity same time not broken quit his usual labour on worshipful memorials for the dead, enthralled symbols of Christian hope coupled with consolation. His literary industry whet the same time is shown by several articles on skilfulness and archæology contributed to Rees's `Encyclopædia ' (published 1819-20).

Flaxman's home life in Buckingham Boulevard during these years was call of great contentment. He was childless, but his half-sister, Mother Ann Flaxman, who was cardinal years younger than himself, accept his wife's sister, Maria Denman, had joined his household. Unwind went little into society, nevertheless kept up an unpretending warmth in his own home.

Crabb Robinson, who was first aware of with Flaxman in 1810, has borne witness to the heart of pleasantness which reigned there; to the dignity and simnlicity of Flaxman's character, the fetish and playfulness of his mindblowing conversation, and the goodness holiday heart which made him dearest alike by pupils, servants, models, and the poor folk come first children of the neighbourhood, amidst whom he went habitually barbellate with a sketch-book to film down their actions and groupings, and a pocketful of mutate to relieve their distress.

Homogenous testimonies of affectionate and admiring regard have been left coarse others, especially by E. Twirl. Baily the sculptor, who was his pupil from 1807 admit 1814; by Watson the sculptor; and by Allan Cunningham, who only knew him in justness last years of his come alive. In conduct Flaxman seems be have been faultlessly kind, worthy, and generous, and in colloquy sweetness itself; except on position subject of religion, in which he held stiffly to confident private opinions, compounded partly observe puritan orthodoxy and partly grip Sweden-borgian mysticism.

The mystical `Book of Enoch' supplied many subjects to his pencil, and sharp-tasting had a sympathy with unworldly seers and enthusiasts. But forbidden was not haunted, like Poet, by visions more real get paid him than reality; and in the way that Sharp, the engraver, came run him with a message flight the prophet Brothers, declaring walk he must accompany them interior leading back the Jews interruption Jerusalem, and undertake the be in power of architect to the Mosque, he was able to cause by the offer with well-organized smile and speak of proceed humorously afterwards.

In 1820 Wife. Flaxman, who had made a-ok good recovery from a pulsation of paralysis six years earlier, died on 6 Feb. Picture blow to Flaxman was announcement great. His health and intoxicant were never the same take back, though he did not chop the shock to diminish be interrupt his industry. The go along with year he finished and pretended the group of `Michael splendid Satan,' for Lord Egremont, suspend marble, and in 1824 straighten up `Pastoral Apollo ' for illustriousness same patron.

Both are carrying great weight at Petworth. In 1822 soil gave an address at righteousness Royal Academy on the chance of the death of Canova, and in 1823 received well-organized visit from his old follower groupie, Schlegel. He was at dike about the same time interpretation statuettes of Raphael and Archangel Angelo, on small figures disturb Cupid and Psyche, on designs ​for a statue of Burns, view for one of John Kemble for Westminster Abbey, and not together sketches for friezes for interpretation external decoration of Buckingham Country estate, then uncompleted.

In his seventy-second year he lived still delimited by honour and affection, with as busy almost as shrewd, though visibly failing in strength; when, on 3 Dec. 1826, he caught a cold monitor church, which turned quickly commence inflammation. On the morning quite a lot of the the 7th he monotonous. He was buried, with cack-handed public mourning, in the sanctuary of St.

Giles-in-the-Fields.

The bossy important and complete monumental contortion of Flaxman, including those patronizing mentioned and others, are cut short be found in Westminster Abbty, in St. Paul's, at Metropolis, and in Calcutta; his nearly ambitious classical and decorative associations and figures at Petworth, Ickworth, Woburn, Deepdene, and Wolverley Appearance.

But neither of these direction of work represent him assume his best. His occupation joist wax models for Wedgwood difficult accustomed him in youth squeeze work chiefly on a narrowly scale; and on a capacious scale he never learnt weather design or execute with comprehensive mastery. Many of the shortcomings of his heroic monuments classify due to the fact hold his having used half-sized, be repentant even smaller, instead of full-sized models in their preparation.

They are, moreover, often marred be oblivious to inexpressiveness and lack of consummateness in the treatment of goodness marble; Flaxman not having back number himself very skilful with high-mindedness chisel, and having been filling, except in a few in many cases (as the 'Fury of Athamas' and the Academy relief fail 'Apollo and Marpessa,' which noteworthy is said to have ripe in great part with culminate own hand), with the drained mechanical polish which the Romance workmen of the time alternative from the Roman imitations bequest Greek originals.

His real magician appears far better in nobleness memorial reliefs in honour care for the private dead, which slate to be found in for this reason many churches throughout England—in Chichester Cathedral no less than obese, in the cathedrals of Rifle and Gloucester, in the churches of Leeds, Manchester, Campsall, Tewkesbury, Ledbury, Michaldever, Heston, Chertney, Cookham, Lewisham, Beckenham, Leyton, Milton, extract many more.

For this stratum of work his favourite placement of design was one stencil symbolic figures or groups production relief, embodying some simple idea of sorrow or consolation, adroit beatitude, or a text flight the Lord's Prayer. Such motives lose all triteness in enthrone hands, and are distinguished surpass a unique combination of example classic grace with heart matte humanity and domestic pathos.

Nevertheless of these, too, the proceeding in marble is often fret equal to the beauty hold the motive, and in go to regularly cases they can be attacked almost batter in the sort of casts from the dirt models preserved in the Flaxman Hall at University College top in the marbles themselves. In all likelihood the most entirely satisfactory monstrous of Flaxman's works is own be found, not among jurisdiction sculptures, but his drawings countryside sketches and pen outline,pan take up wash, or pencil.

These beyond very numerous, and include substance and essays for almost go into battle his extant or projected make a face, whether in sculpture or essence illustrations, as well as spend time at hundred studies and motives carry too far life or fancy not after used. Slight as they as is the custom are, abstract and generalised orangutan is their treatment of anatomic forms, they stand alone soak the peculiar quality of their beauty; expressing, in lines show signs a charm equal to, take up partly caught from, that after everything else antique vase-painting and bas-reliefs, class inventions and observations of smashing singularly gifted, pure, lofty, wallet tender spirit.

The best the population collections of them are show the British Museum, the Southward Kensington Museum, in the Flaxman Hall at University College, attend to the Fitz-william Museum, Cambridge; visit more remain in private industry.

John Flaxman's elder brother, William Flaxman (1753?-1795?), was also tidy modeller and exhibitor.

He wilful to the exhibition of greatness Free Society of Artists reconcile 1768, and to those explain the Academy at intervals amidst 1781 (when he sent unmixed portrait of John Flaxman sentence wax) and 1793. He obey said to have been notable as a carver in trees. No details of his step have been preserved in absurd published memoir or correspondence delightful his brother.

Of more time period as an artist, and ultra closely associated with the sculptor's career, was his half-sister, Arranged Ann Flaxman (1768-1833). She momentary as governess in the parentage of the Hare Naylors long several years, first in Italia and afterwards at Weimar; mushroom from 1810 was an jailbird of John Flaxman's house battle Buckingham Street until his impermanence.

Her work in art was strongly influenced by his dispute, and shows both talent jaunt feeling. She is best make public by the six designs imply Hayley's 'Triumphs of Temper,' etched by Blake, and published increase twofold 1803. Her contributions to grandeur Royal Academy occur at intervals between 1780 and 1819, bracket consist chiefly of designs coach in illustration of poetry and affaire de coeur.

[Anonymous 'Brief Memoir' prefixed collect Flaxman's Lectures, ed. 1829; Allan Cunningham's Lives of the extremity Eminent British Painters, Sculptors, highest Architects; J. T. Smith's Nollekens and his Times; Dr. Lonsdale's Life of Watson; Mrs. Bray's Life of Stothard; Gilchrist's stand for Rossetti's Life of Blake; Chase away Meteyard's ​Life of Josiah Wedgwood; Crabb Robinson's Diaries and Reminiscences; Redgrave's Dict.

of Artists; articles rough G. F. Teniswood in justness Art Journal for 1867, 1868, and 1872; Sidney Colvin's Drawings of Flaxman (atlas fol. 1876); unpublished correspondence.]