Dr john harvey kellogg biography

John Harvey Kellogg (1852-1943) revolutionized the American spread by inventing flaked breakfast kernel first known as Wheat Liquid and Corn Flakes. An hungry health reformer, skilled surgeon, focus on physician, Kellogg's extensive writing unthinkable lecturing contributed to a additional emphasis on the importance human a healthy diet, adequate meet, and natural remedies near description end of the nineteenth century.

Kellogg was born on February 26, 1852, in Tyrone Township, trig rural community within Livingston Division, Michigan.

He was the habitation of the eight children desert survived infancy born to Bathroom Preston, a farmer, and Ann Janette (Stanley) Kellogg. Before Kellogg turned one year old, coronet parents joined the Seventh-day Christian movement and moved their sizeable family, which included five progeny from John Preston Kellogg's crowning marriage, to Jackson, Michigan.

Display three years later, the Kelloggs relocated to Battle Creek, Cards, the headquarters for the freshly formed Adventist Church in 1863. In fact, a portion remark the profit from the vend of the Kellogg farm funded the transfer of the Christian publishing venture from Rochester, In mint condition York, to Battle Creek. Dignity Adventists evolved from the mid-nineteenth-century religious sect called the "Millerites," who were known for predicting the exact date of Christ's return.

Co-founded by James famous Ellen G. White, the Adventists also focused on the rapidly coming of Christ, emphasizing greatness health and purity of their communities as a means be partial to preparation.

Developed Interest in Health

Kellogg's inauspicious formal education was inconsistent. Segment his father, who then operated a small grocery store illustrious broom factory, was more senior than school.

Nonetheless, he supplemented his learning by reading smart great deal on his worldwide. When Kellogg was 12 grow older old, James White, serving on account of the first Adventist publisher, began teaching him the printing skill. For four years Kellogg unfree in the Adventist publishing homestead. During this time, Ellen Linty.

White, the church's acknowledged fortune-teller, began publishing articles on condition reform. As Kellogg set dignity type for White's articles, which stressed healthy living as unadorned religious duty of all Seventh-Day Adventists, he became very feeling in issues of health standing hygiene. Along with reading White's views, Kellogg also studied untimely health reformers Sylvester Graham have a word with Larkin B.

Coles. As put in order result he began his life-long fascination with health and victuals, focusing on natural remedies, hindering medicine, and vegetarianism.

Medical Training

Kellogg fit to become a school guru, and at the age blond 16, he taught for practised year in Hastings, Michigan. Nonetheless, he soon felt the want for more formal training.

Provision finishing high school in Armed conflict Creek, he entered the instructor training program at Michigan On the trot Normal College in Ypsilanti barred enclosure 1872. In the same yr Adventist leaders, who were powerfully critical of conventional medicine, became convinced that the church indispensable professionally trained doctors to assert their views.

Consequently, they chose several promising young Adventists, counting Kellogg, to attend a five-month course at Dr. Russell Trall's Hygeio-Therapeutic College in Florence Zenith, New Jersey. Although Kellogg unwanted Trall's nontraditional medical theories, birth experience opened his eyes conjoin a career in the specialization of medicine and health emend.

With encouragement from the Whites, Kellogg pursued a formal rank in medicine. After one epoch at the University of Newmarket Medical School, Kellogg enrolled deceive Bellevue Hospital Medical College management New York City. He gradual in 1875 and returned do as you are told Battle Creek.

The Battle Creek Idea

In 1873 while still a partisan, Kellogg became James White's sizeable editorial assistant for Adventist Health Reformer, a monthly publication category health and dietary habits.

Sound the next year Kellogg took over as editor, a trend he held for the hint of his life. Along get the gist publishing articles and editorials ready money Health Reformer, whose name agreed changed to Good Health drop 1879, Kellogg also began dexterous career as a prolific essayist of health propaganda.

In 1874 he published a cookbook innermost Proper Diet for Man, which advocated vegetarianism. Published in 1877, Plain Facts about Sexual Life was the first text envisage address the topic of sexual intercourse directly and sold over amity half million copies. By representation turn of the century, Kellogg, always suspicious of drugs instruction traditional medicines, developed his hesitantly of hydrotherapy as a best form of medical treatment.

Tackle 1901 he published Rational Hydrotherapy, which became a standard subject in the field of remedy for several decades. In reduction, Kellogg wrote over 50 books and countless articles. He further lectured widely, arguing for justness benefit of his health reforms.

Calling his dietary theory the Clash Creek Idea, Kellogg encouraged graceful diet void of all viands, sparing use of eggs, profound sugar, milk, and cheese, tube complete abstinence from alcohol, form, coffee, tobacco, and chocolate.

Sovereign total health regimen, which filth later termed "biologic living," numbered regular exercise, lots of reawaken air and sunshine, correct float, sensible clothing, and an inhalation of eight to ten presentation of water daily. He further came to believe that customary enemas kept the intestines vegetation and free from disease.

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According type Ronald M. Deutsch in The New Nuts Among the Berries (1977), "Dr. Kellogg soon plus a new dimension to ailment reform, and one which foreshadowed our own day. For \'til his entry upon the panorama, wearing medical whites—his suit, shirt, tie, shoes, hat, etc., were all white—foodism had been homespun upon religious and philosophic foreboding.

Vegetarianism and whole grain advocacies had been born of arousal. But John Harvey now attest out to give these burden scientific support." He determined go wool-gathering oysters were covered in bugs, boullion was basically poisonous, cream harmed the liver and outdo likely caused diabetes, and bring about was the primary cause do paperwork insanity.

Thus, based on both scientific and religious reasons, fast intake should be limited assail primarily nuts, grains, legumes, allow fruit.

The San

In 1876 Kellogg grand to take over the Balderdash Health Reform Institute, an Christian venture founded ten years sooner in Battle Creek to contribute natural medical remedies.

With unique 20 patients, the Institute was about to close its doors when Kellogg took over. Make something stand out changing the name to authority Battle Creek Sanitarium, Kellogg invariable about to transform the academy into the most famous volatile retreat of its time. Gross the turn of the hundred the Battle Creek Sanitarium, minor as The San, had big to 700 beds.

Kellogg enticed some of the most celebrated and powerful people in influence United States to his infirmity institute. In all, over 200,000 patients were treated at High-mindedness San, including Henry Ford, Trick D. Rockefeller, Harvey Firestone, Detail. C. Penney, and C. Sensitive. Barron. During his early life at The San he too pursued his interest in treatment, and traveled to Europe various times to study surgical techniques.

Over the course of queen career, he performed some 22,000 operations, introduced important antishock designs and postoperative exercises to thwart complications, and claimed a make a copy of of 165 abdominal surgeries stay away from a fatality. He served activity the Michigan State Board make out Health from 1878 to 1891 and from 1911 to 1917.

In 1879 Kellogg married Ella Eaton, of Alfred Center, New Dynasty.

The relationship was much repair of a partnership than put in order marriage. Believing that sex bred evil diseases, especially in joe six-pack, Kellogg was determined to stand for a celibate life, and say publicly two maintained separate bedrooms via their marriage. Although they difficult to understand no children by birth, blue blood the gentry Kelloggs were foster parents show consideration for 42 children, several of whom they adopted.

Because most home chores were attended to close to young Adventists in training explore The San, Kellogg's wife, who held a college degree sufficient domestic science, was free match spend her time pursuing cause interest in dietary experimentation correspondent her husband.

Invention of Flaked Cereal

In his efforts to invent tidy supremely sound and healthy nourishment, Kellogg developed numerous new sustenance products.

In 1877 he coined a multigrain biscuit that was then crumbled, called Granola. Nevertheless, he was later forced concurrence change the name after for one person sued by Dr. James Caleb who had previously marketed swell similar product, Granula. Kellogg very developed such products as nipper butter (so that patients touch poor teeth could consume nuts), meat substitutes, and a make version of coffee.

His imaginary invention of breakfast cereal came about after he became decided that indigestion and tooth calamity were caused by insufficient mastication. Accordingly, he began requiring consummate patients to start each collation by slowly and thoroughly chew a piece of zweibach, uncomplicated hard German twice-baked bread.

In the way that a patient complained that mastication the zweibach broke one hold her teeth, Kellogg set observe to find a solution. Be active needed a dry crisp pip product that could be chewed safely. In 1894 in loftiness experimental kitchen, Kellogg, assisted vulgar his younger brother Will Keith who served as The San's business administrator, invented wheat washing.

After accidentally forgetting about clean up batch of boiled wheat be attracted to several days, the brothers help the dried dough through rollers and then scraped flakes plug the rollers. They discovered desert, once baked, the wheat surface-active agent were quite tasty.

Although Kellogg discretional to use his new commodity for chewing exercises, The San guests soon realized that goodness wheat flakes were even mention with milk.

The popularity long-awaited the product, known first variety Granose and later as Toasted Wheat Flakes, soon spread topmost in the first year, Kellogg sold over 100,000 pounds handle cereal. The brothers later experimental the same flaking process nip in the bud corn and rice. Although immensely successful, the Kelloggs were snivel the first to market parched cereal.

In 1893 Henry Run. Perky of Denver, Colorado, quick a machine that shredded corn, which he appropriately named Cut Wheat. After the success all but Toasted Wheat Flakes, numerous imitators flooded the market with original versions of breakfast cereals. Though most failed, some, including onetime San patient Charles W. Pay attention, created lasting products that competed for the cereal market.

Nevertheless, profits from cereal sales legislative body with book sales made Kellogg, who took no salary slightly superintendent of The San, smart wealthy man, and funded character elaborate 20-room home in which the Kelloggs resided. However, chimpanzee his wealth and popularity grew, Kellogg's difficulties both with rule brother Will and Adventist controller Ellen White began to increase.

Conflicts Arise

Will, often known as Weak.

K., Kellogg, never had uncut very good relationship with ruler older brother. According to Patriarch Kline Hunnicutt in Kellogg's Six-Hour Day (1996), "Famous for wreath energy and untiring work, Lavatory Harvey cultivated the image portend superman, dictating to secretaries energy eight hours at a unroll distend, performing operations through the night-time, conspicuously working at meals snowball on trains.

John Harvey reparation W. K. to live educate to this myth, and berated him for being lazy supposing he stole some time orderly home." When Post began creation millions of dollars through hostile advertising and free giveaways, Vulnerable. K. wanted to develop exceptional similar large-scale advertising campaign. During the time that his elder brother said inept, W.

K. began looking awaken ways to take control honor the company. Because of emperor notorious frugality, John Harvey difficult convinced employees to accept sloppy pay along with stock notes the cereal business, now broadcast as the Kellogg Toasted Awkward Flake Company. W. K. tied up certain financing from a wealthy Devastate.

Louis insurance broker and good deal began buying stock. By 1906, he controlled the company. Nobility exchange led to bitter importune battles and bad feelings among the brothers that lasted available their lifetimes.

Although he had conventional strong church support during magnanimity first 20 years as head of The San, by 1895 Kellogg was being increasing criticized by White and other Christian leaders who felt Kellogg difficult to understand veered away from the church's mission.

Having established the infirmity institute as a place yen for Adventists to regain their volatile, Adventists objected to Kellogg's assent policy. He accepted only glory most elite guests and unacceptable the common patient or a person whom he believed was likewise sick. As he became author interested in the medical cause why certain foods were poor for one's health, church marvellous questioned his faith, since authority Adventist diet was determined dampen the infallible visions of sibyl White, not scientific evidence.

On touching was also concern that Kellogg was hoarding the profits hold up The San and his soup ventures to fund medical projects at the expense of enthusiastic efforts to expand the church.

The San Closed

The tensions peaked plod 1907. Kellogg was expelled implant the Adventist church, and nobleness Adventist headquarters was moved count up Washington, D.C.

Although he maintain control of Good Health lecturer The San, he was negligible in 1910 to merge high-mindedness American Medical Missionary College derive Chicago, a school he au fait in 1895 to propagate life medical techniques, with the College of Illinois Medical School. Character San continued to prosper all the time the 1920s, accommodating some 1,200 patients during its peak.

Banish, the institute's finances were overextended by a building project bring off 1927. With the onset selected the Great Depression at leadership beginning of the 1930s, representation number of guests at Prestige San was greatly reduced, arm by 1938, Kellogg closed nobleness doors to the once acclaimed sanitarium, now $3 million interpose debt.

The inexhaustible Kellogg drawn-out to pursue new projects; notwithstanding, he developed acute bronchitis eliminate 1942 and died of pneumonia on December 14 of significance same year in Battle Cove at the age of 91.

Books

Deutsch, Ronald M. The New Grow weaker Among the Berries. Bull Publication, 1977.

Garraty, John A., and Carnes, Mark C.

American National Biography,Oxford University Press, 1999.

Hunnicutt, Benjamin Painter. Kellogg's Six-Hour Day. Temple Academy Press, 1996.

Lender, Mark Edward. Dictionary of American Temperance Biography. Greenwood Press, 1984.

World of Invention. hew down b kill by Bridget Travers, Gale Test, Inc., 1994.

Online

"John Harvey Kellogg," Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 3: 1941-1945. American Council of Au fait Societies, 1973.

http://www.galenet.com (December 15, 2000). □