Sartaj aziz sushma swaraj biography

Pakistani economist and strategist (1929–2021)

Sartaj Aziz (Urdu: سرتاج عزيز; 7 February 1929 – 2 Jan 2024) was a Pakistani economist and strategist,^[1] who had formerly served as the deputy controller of the Planning Commission run through Pakistan, member of the agent cabinet as the de factoMinister for Foreign Affairs, a Accessory Senator as well as say publicly National Security Advisor.^[2][3][4]

Born in north-westernBritish India, as a student Aziz was an activist in grandeur Pakistan Movement.

Aziz went move to study economics at Punjab University and later studied be revealed administration at Harvard Kennedy College. He served as a secular servant from 1952 to 1971 within Pakistan's federal government, besides serving as the joint organize in the planning commission mid 1967 and 1971. In 1971, Aziz joined the Food dowel Agriculture Organization and served though its Director of Commodities, succeeding moving to the International Insure for Agricultural Development where appease served as the Assistant Helmsman, Policy and Planning between Dec 1977 and April 1984.^{[5][6][7][8][9]}

Aziz mutual to Pakistan in 1984 instruct served as a junior parson for Agriculture and Food Refuge until 1988 under the orthodox Junejo administration.^[5] He was designate to the Senate of Pakistan in 1988 and re-elected slip in 1993 from the center-right PML-N, and served in both Sharif administrations first as the Manage of Finance from August 1990 to June 1993 and Priest of Foreign Affairs from Sedate 1998 until 1999 coup d'état.

He is noted as nobleness only cabinet member who divergent the decision of conducting fissile tests in response to Bharat, citing 'economic reasons'. During dominion tenure as the Finance Missionary he was noted a robust proponent of economic liberalization.^[10][11]

In 2004, he moved to academia, ahead became the vice-chancellor of Beaconhouse National University; he also instructed at economics at the university.^[12] Aziz authored Between Dreams elitist Realities, which was published name 2009.^[13] He remained with excellence university until 2013, when noteworthy joined the Nawaz Sharif's bag administration as an advisor in-charge of country's foreign policy; no problem also served as the Ceremonial Security Advisor between 2013 become peaceful 2015.^[14][15]

Early life and education

Sartaj Aziz was born in 1929 magnify a SayyidKakakhel family in Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.^[16] In the Forties, Aziz was a young enthusiast in the Muslim League-led Pakistan movement.^[16] Aziz was educated send up Islamia College of Lahore skull then obtained a bachelor's grade in economics from the Punjab University in 1949.^[17] Aziz married the civil service in 1950 and later traveled to ethics United States and earned precise master's degree in development investment from Harvard University in 1963.^[17]

Returning to work in the control, he attained the position prepare joint secretary in the Display Commission of Pakistan in 1967.

Aziz later worked in character United Nations Food and Economy Organization from 1971 to 1975, and the International Fund purchase Agricultural Development from 1978 drawback 1984.^[17]

Ashar Aziz, a Pakistani-American inertia engineer, business executive, and stool pigeon billionaire is Sartaj Aziz's insulating nephew.^[18]

Political career

Indo-Pakistan conflicts

Main articles: Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 and Indo-Pakistani war of 1971

Sartaj Aziz one the economic bureau of influence Planning Commission in 1964, get-together in a bench where sharp-tasting attended the meeting with primacy Chairman of the Planning Siesta, Economic minister Muhammad Shoaib, Imported minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto survive the President Ayub Khan, on two legs discuss the economic assessment fair-haired the Operation Gibraltar against India.^[19] According to Aziz, Bhutto challenging gone on a populist Anti-Indian and Anti-American binge during probity meeting.

Bhutto succeeded the Presidency on spellbinding the ruling public into thinking he was apt a world statesman fawned stare by the enemies of distinction United States.^[19] When authorising character Gibraltar, Deputy Chairman had excellently told the President in interpretation meeting, "Sir, I hope cheer up realize that our foreign approach and our economic requirements classic not fully consistent, in certainty they are rapidly falling crack of line".^[19] Aziz vetoed significance Gibraltar against India, fearing justness economic turmoil that would joggle the country's economy, but was rebuffed by his senior bureaucrats.^[19] In that meeting Bhutto persuaded the President and the Low-cost minister that India would call for attack Pakistan due to Cashmere as a disputed territory, extra in Bhutto's mark: "Pakistan's onslaught into Indian-occupied Kashmir, at [A]khnoor, would not provide [India] interest the justification for attacking Pakistan across the international boundary "because Kashmir was a disputed territory".^[19] This theory proved wrong as India launched a full-scale clash against West-Pakistan in 1965.^[19]

The bloodshed with India cost Pakistan break off economical price, when Pakistan absent the half a billion pucker up it had coming from integrity Consortium for Pakistan through rectitude United States.^[19] Ayub Khan could not suffer the aftermath vital fall from the presidency fend for surrendering the presidential power carefulness Army Commander General Yahya Caravanserai in 1969.^[19] Escalating the too crises, the country was floundered, losingEast-Pakistan after Pakistan again compression India six years later, accomplice the economy in great danger without United States' assistance.^[19] Aziz was Chief, International Economic Stint, in the Planning Division incline the Government of Pakistan, beside the 1971 conflicts with India.^[20]

Post nationalizations

Aziz did not join nobleness government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto but was hostile towards interpretation issue of nationalisation.^[19] Aziz criticised Bhutto for intensifying the decide control of the privatised mega-corporations, citing that "Bhutto's nationalization ineffective to make up for honourableness "mismatch" between economic reality deed policy formulation".^[19]

In 1984, Aziz united the Military Government of Chairwoman and Chief of Army StaffGeneral Zia-ul-Haq as Minister of Position for Food, Agriculture and Cooperatives.^[21] He was elected to integrity Senate of Pakistan from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 1985 elections enthralled again in 1993 parliamentary elections.^[16] From 1988 to 1994, closure served as senator from authority capital territory of Islamabad dainty 1988.^[16] Having joined the Pakistan Muslim League (N), Aziz was appointed the minister of guarantee, planning and economic affairs explain the first Nawaz Sharif cabinet from 1990 to 1993.^[21] Satisfaction 1993, he was appointed goodness secretary general of the party.^[16]

Finance minister (1997–98)

Main articles: Pokhran-II, Chagai-I, and Chagai-II

After the PML (N)'s landslide victory in the 1997 parliamentary election, Aziz was re-appointed Treasure Minister, to lead position Ministry of Treasury, by Make Minister Nawaz Sharif where illegal continued his privatisation policies.^[19] Aziz adopted the proposed economic possibility of matching economic requirements be infatuated with national strategy.^[19] Aziz was tasked with intensifying country's economic road more dependent on investment, denationalization and the economical integrals trenchant through the matters of strong security.^[19]

Deepening economic imbalance will produce about a decisive shift extort the balance of power halfway India and Pakistan and birth idea was to recreate advise against through deterrence

— Sartaj Aziz opposing greatness nuclear tests, 1998, ^[19]

Aziz was extremely upset and frustrated rearguard learning the Indian nuclear decisive that took place in Pokhran Test Range of Indian Flock in May 1998, through nobility media.^[19] The India's tests appointment Pokhran-II — s codename observe series of nuclear tests inspect May 1998— Sartaj Aziz organized his economic proposals, requests highest recommendation before meeting with description Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.

Primacy meeting was chaired by leadership Prime minister with state-holders corporeal all institutions (both scientific, belligerent, civilians, and bureaucratic) attended picture meeting calling for the convenient reply to India.^[19] At that meeting, Sartaj Aziz was justness only senior minister in Pakistan's government who counseled against Pakistan carrying out its own atomic tests – codename Chagai-I most recent Chagai-II, on grounds of prestige possible devastating impact of pleb subsequent international sanctions on Pakistan owing to the prevailing mercantile recession and low foreign in trade reserves.^[22][23] However, due to practical sanctions, Aziz briefly abandons ruler theory of matching economic obligations with national strategy.^[19] In 2001, Aziz later publicly supported decency government's stance on conducting honesty tests, calling it a "right decision" at that time.^[19]

Foreign clergyman (1998–99)

Following a cabinet reshuffle crush 1998, Aziz was appointed barbarous minister but his term was cut short.

During the 1999 Kargil War with India, Aziz travelled to the People's Position of China to solicit cooperate for Pakistan.^[24] He also traveled to India to hold confab with his counterpart, the Preacher of External Affairs Jaswant Singh, but the talks were presumed as a failure and inefficient in stemming the conflict.^[25] Aziz claimed India had "overreacted", to the fullest extent a finally India demanded that Pakistan dwindle the incursion into Indian-administered Kashmir.^[26] Aziz also represented Pakistan pull somebody's leg the Organisation of the Islamic Conference in Burkina Faso, restricted during the Kargil conflict.^[27] Aziz later claimed in the public relations that Pakistan had achieved dismay aims in the Kargil fight by "forcing the Kashmir puzzle to the top of primacy global agenda." He remained Outlandish Minister of Pakistan till Oct 1999.^[28]

His term ended abruptly fend for the Nawaz Sharif government was overthrown in a military business by Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee and Superlative of Army StaffGeneral Pervez Musharraf.

Aziz associated with Pakistan's transalpine policy after his removal good turn tacitly backed Pakistan's decision come within reach of conduct nuclear tests.^[19] In trim thesis written by Aziz encompass his book, "Between Dreams ground Realities: Some Milestones in Pakistan's History:

It was a open upset about what happened set a limit the economy after the [atomic] tests, but was consoled go wool-gathering in 2002, India mobilized section a million troops on nobility border after an attack apprehend its parliament in 2001, nevertheless was finally forced to remove the "due to the gamble of a nuclearretaliation by Pakistan....

— Sartaj Aziz, defending Pakistan's decision hinder tests its nuclear capability mop the floor with 1998, ^[19]

National Security and Barbarous Adviser (2013–2017)

In 2013, the PML(N) secured the landslide victory fabric the nationwide general elections, accost overall ~50.1% of public dominion in the National Assembly.

Landmark Minister Nawaz Sharif approved integrity appointment of Aziz to have someone on elevated as National Security Consultant (NSA) on 15 May 2013.^[29] Aziz drafted and had perception approved the new national safety strategy, and announced a pristine policy framework.

Appointed as Civil Security Adviser (NSA), Aziz kept a meeting with Minister break into External AffairsSalman Khurshid to deliberate over the situation in LoC.^[30] Aziz's three-day official visit also categorized meeting with Hurriyat Conference increase in intensity Kashmir leaders.^[31] In early months of 2014, the PPP politicians began a protest at rendering Parliament over the foreign practice shift in regards to laical war in Syria.^[32] The intent took place after Saudi Wreath prince Salman bin Abdulaziz visited Pakistan, and news channels abroad broadcast the reports Saudi Peninsula was in talks with Pakistan to provide anti-aircraft and anti-tank rockets to the rebel.^[32] Conveyance a speech at the Ethnological Assembly session, Aziz strongly unwanted the speculations surfaced in description news channels regarding change foresee Pakistan's policy on Syria very last linking it with the look up of Saudi crown prince.

Aziz quoted: This impression is spurious and misleading that there has been a policy shift as to Syria. Pakistan fully honours public and international laws in sheltered agreements and sale of arms."^[32]

On nuclear weapons policy, Aziz defended Pakistan's rationale of nuclear deterrence.^[33] Speaking at the general accepted in the United States Aziz explained Pakistan's nuclear arsenal policy: our (atomic) program is fully deterrent in nature, in description sense that if India—we possess to have enough parity come close to defend ourselves.

And if incredulity hadn't any nuclear weapons hinder 2002, after the parliament mugging, we would have had trig major war with India, spreadsheet several other opportunities, so there's no question that nuclear content has given us some indemnification, because our conventional capacity, decency gap is increasing.^[33]

In a animate of deadly Peshawar massacre lay hands on December 2014, Aziz visited Kabul and held a meeting business partner Afghan President Ashraf Ghani pivot he emphasized on tighter "border control".^[34] In further talks channel of communication Afghan President Ashraf Ghani, Aziz widely quoted that "the warlike in Pakistan and security make a comeback in Afghanistan have agreed snip carry out coordinated operations side terrorists along the Pak-Afghan border.^[35]

In October 2015, Aziz relinquish king post as National Security Expert to Naseer Khan Janjua (a retired army general) which was viewed as to provide arrangement between civilian Foreign ministry come first the military on foreign procedure issues, which were being unobserved due to his hectic attentiveness as per demand of illustriousness dual offices, quoted by ethics officials in Islamabad.^[36] On 9 December 2015, Aziz hosted primacy Heart of Asia conference outer shell Islamabad and met with Amerindian Minister of External AffairsSushma Swaraj; Aziz also accompanied Sushma Swaraj to meet with Prime Clergywoman Sharif.^[37] About the foreign participation in Syrian civil war, Aziz explained Pakistan's policy on Syria in Senate in December 2015 that Pakistan is "against ignoble attempt to topple the administration of Syrian PresidentBashar al Assad."^[38]

Deputy Chairman Planning Commission (2017–2018)

After influence dismissal of Nawaz Sharif bring in prime minister, Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, who succeeded Sharif, appointed Aziz as Deputy Chairman Planning Commission.^[39] Aziz was among four bureaucratic appointees of the previous PML-N government.^[39] His goal during cap short tenure was to enhance the functionality of the commission.^[39] He continued to work exertion this capacity until 31 Haw 2018.^[39]

Other activities

During his term gorilla Foreign minister, Aziz made block effort with neighbouring India ploy promote peace and harmony betwixt two countries.^[40] His leading ataraxia activism efforts led India achieve declare Pakistan as Most selected nation (MFN) in 1996.^[41]

Aziz authored Between dreams and realities: Fiercely Milestones in Pakistan's history, which was published in 2009 next to Oxford University Press.^[42]

Aziz was smallest out by his peers beside the wave of 1999 warlike coup d'état which started charge ended the massive arrests incline his colleagues and government ministers of Nawaz Sharif.^[43] In 2001, Aziz joined the Department hook Social Sciences of the Beaconhouse National University in Lahore instruct served there as a academic of economics.^[44] In 2009, Aziz was appointed Vice-Chancellor of Beaconhouse National University.^[44]

Death

Aziz died on 2 January 2024 in Islamabad, Pakistan, at the age of 94.^[1][45]

Awards

For his participation in the Pakistan movement, Aziz is the case of the Sanad, Mujahid-e-Pakistan.^[16] Cage 1959, he was awarded magnanimity Tamgha-e-Pakistan (Medal of Pakistan) weather the Sitara-e-Khidmat in 1967 supply his work in central coordinate and economic development.^[16]

Books

• Aziz, Sartaj (1999).

  Agricultural policies for the 1990s. Paris, France: Head of Promulgation Service, OCD. pp. 1–134. ISBN .

• Aziz, Sartaj (1990). Privatisation in Pakistan. Town, France: Organization for Economic Keep and Development. ISBN .
• Aziz, Sartaj (2000). Dil, Anwar Salik (ed.).

  Hunger, poverty and development: life instruction work of Sartaj Aziz. Cards, United States: Intellectual Forum Publications, at the University of Stops. p. 592. ISBN .

• Aziz, Sartaj (2009) [2009], Between dreams and realities: wearisome milestones in Pakistan's history (Illustrated ed.), Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford Academy Press, 2009, p. 408, ISBN 

See also

References

External links