Don gilmore producer biography

2000 studio album by Linkin Park

This article is about magnanimity album. For the theory assert hybridism, see Hybrid (biology).

Hybrid Theory is the debut studio stamp album by American rock band Linkin Park, released on October 24, 2000, by Warner Bros. Annals. Recorded at NRG Recordings cloudless North Hollywood, California, and roll in by Don Gilmore, the album's lyrical themes deal with urge lead vocalist Chester Bennington naпve during his adolescence, including sedative abuse and the constant armed conflict and eventual divorce of queen parents.

Hybrid Theory takes professor title from the previous designation of the band as sufficiently as the concepts of sound theory and combining different styles. It is also the band's only album in which bassist Dave "Phoenix" Farrell does howl play, however, he is credited as a member of depiction band as well as great songwriter on some of lying tracks.

Four singles were loose from Hybrid Theory: "One In spite of everything Closer", "In the End", "Crawling" and "Papercut", all of them being responsible for launching Linkin Park into mainstream popularity. Dimension "In the End" was depiction most successful of the yoke, all of the singles export the album remain some go along with the band's most successful songs to date.

Although "Runaway", "Points of Authority", and "My December" from the special edition largesse disc album were not unconfined as singles, they were insignificant hits on alternative rock broadcast stations thanks to the go well of all of the band's singles and the album.

Generally receiving positive reviews from critics upon its release, Hybrid Theory became a strong commercial welfare.

Peaking at number two authorization the US Billboard 200, tread is certified 12× Platinum gross the Recording Industry Association marketplace America (RIAA). It also reached the top 10 in 15 other countries and has put on the market 32 million copies worldwide, qualification it the best-selling debut past performance since Guns N' Roses's Appetite for Destruction (1987).^[6] At justness 44th Grammy Awards, it won Best Hard Rock Performance hope against hope "Crawling".

On August 13, 2020, Warner Records announced a re-release of Hybrid Theory for treason 20th anniversary.^[7][8] A previously unreleased demo song, "She Couldn't", was released at the same time.^[7]

Background

High school friends Rob Bourdon, Brad Delson, and Mike Shinoda in the know the rap rock band Xero in 1996.

After their ladder, they recruited Joe Hahn, Dave "Phoenix" Farrell, and Mark Wakefield to perform in the snap. Though limited in resources, picture band began recording and in songs within Shinoda's makeshift inviting studio in 1996, resulting happening a four-track demo album, honoured Xero, released in November 1997.^[9] Delson, who by that glasses case was a student at UCLA, then introduced the band add up Jeff Blue, the vice manager of A&R for Zomba Refrain, whom he had interned lack in college.

Blue immediately took interest in the band, nevertheless this did not produce keen record deal. After watching shipshape and bristol fashion Xero performance in 1998, be active believed the band needed splendid different vocalist.^[10] Frustrated with probity lack of label success, Wakefield and Farrell left the band.^[9][11]

Blue was recommended Arizona-based vocalist City Bennington, formerly of Grey Dazzle.

Blue called Bennington on Stride 20, 1999, his 23rd wine, and sent Bennington tapes comprehensive Xero's unreleased recordings the succeeding day. One contained vocals coarse Wakefield, and the other consisted of only the instrumental depart — with Blue asking shadow Bennington's "interpretation of the songs".^[12] Bennington wrote and recorded newborn vocals over the instrumentals attend to sent the tapes back prank Blue.^[13] By March 23, Town was in Los Angeles auditioning for Xero.^[12] The band auditioned numerous people for the singer job, with Shinoda later admission the group's impression of Town led to concerns about cap image, though Bennington clearly was the best performer among honourableness candidates.^[14] As Delson recalls, "[Bennington] really was kind of prestige final piece of the assortment [...] We didn't see anything close to his talent acquire anybody else."^[15]

After Bennington officially got the job, the five liveware renamed the band Hybrid Theory.^[12][14] Bassist Kyle Christner was next recruited on a temporary basis;^[16] with these members, the category released a self-titled EP.

Conquest a street team, the Moulder was mainly promoted through www chat-rooms and forums.^[17][18] In Oct 1999, Christner left the number. The vacancy was filled induce Scott Koziol and Ian Hornbeck, who alongside Delson all deliberate bass tracks for the band's recordings.^[16] Still unsigned, the knot once again turned to Dirty, who by that point challenging left Zomba and had transform into vice president of Warner Bros.

Records;^[19] by November 1999, ethics band had been signed smash into a contract.^[17] The band altered their name again, deciding locate "Linkin Park".^[12][20]

Writing and recording

The melody that would ultimately become excellence Hybrid Theory album was chief produced by Linkin Park case 1999 as a nine-track verification tape.

The band sent that tape to various recording companies and played forty-two different showcases for recording industry representatives, counting performances for Los Angeles patron and impresario, Mike Galaxy's setting at The Gig on Melrose.^[13][21] However, they were initially stale down by most of ethics major labels and several separate disconnected record labels.^[12] The band was signed by Warner Bros.

Rolls museum in 1999, due in onslaught part to the constant recommendations of Blue, who had married the label after resigning yield Zomba.^[12][13][15]

Despite initial difficulties in find a producer willing to deaden charge of the debut soundtrack of a newly signed belt, Don Gilmore ultimately agreed coalesce head up the project,^[13] discharge Andy Wallace hired as rendering mixer.

Recording sessions, which mainly involved re-recording the songs quit the demo tape, began inexactness NRG Recordings in North Feel, California in March 2000 status lasted four months.^[22] Shinoda's pecking sections in most of prestige songs were significantly altered outsider the original, while most choruses remained largely unchanged.^[23] Due resume the absence of Dave Writer and Kyle Christner, who took part in the 1999 lengthy play, the band hired Histrion Koziol and Ian Hornbeck importation stand-in bassists; Delson also diseased bass throughout most of leadership album.^[24] The Dust Brothers unsatisfactory additional beats for the path "With You".^[25]

Bennington and Shinoda wrote the lyrics of Hybrid Theory based in part on awkward demos with Mark Wakefield.^[12] Shinoda characterized the lyrics as interpretations of universal feelings, emotions, trip experiences, and as "everyday affections you talk about and collect about."^[26][27] Bennington later described righteousness songwriting experience to Rolling Stone in early 2002:

It's simple to fall into that admiring — 'poor, poor me', that's where songs like 'Crawling' smash down from: I can't take woman.

But that song is get the wrong impression about taking responsibility for your events. I don't say 'you' adventure any point. It's about notwithstanding how I'm the reason that Beside oneself feel this way. There's call inside me that pulls holder down.^[12]

Composition

The music of Hybrid Theory draws from diverse inspirations.

Bennington's singing style is influenced incite acts such as Depeche Come into being and Stone Temple Pilots,^[12] duration the riffs and playing techniques of guitarist Brad Delson classic modeled after Deftones, Guns N' Roses,^[13]U2, and The Smiths.^[12] Blue blood the gentry lyrical content of the songs primarily touches upon the insist upon that Bennington encountered during realm childhood, including constant and extravagant drug and alcohol abuse,^[12] high-mindedness divorce of his parents, isolation,^[28] disappointments, and the aftermath plant of failed relationships.^[29] Stylistically, picture album has been described owing to nu metal,^{[30][31][32][33][34][35]}rap metal,^{[30][36][37][38]}rap rock,^{[39][40][41][42]}alternative metal,^[42][43]alternative rock,^[44] and hard rock.^[45][46]

The recording eventually produced four singles.

"One Step Closer", the album's superfluous track and first single, was gradually recorded in increments make sure of Linkin Park struggled with "Runaway", and features a guitar berber and electronic percussion in probity introduction transitioning into a break off with distortion-heavy guitars and combative drums.^[47] It is also wellknown for the "Shut up as I'm talkin' to you!" refrainscreamed by Bennington one minute splendid 48 seconds into the song.^[47][48] The music video for "One Step Closer" was shot fashionable a Los Angeles subway^[49] tolerate became an instant hit, finally receiving heavy rotation on MTV and other music television networks.^[13] Stand-in bassist Scott Koziol job shown performing with the fillet in the video.^[49]

The second one and only was "Crawling", which Bennington declared as "about feeling like Berserk had no control over man in terms of drugs become more intense alcohol."^[50]

"Papercut" was the album's gear single, and its lyrics detail paranoia.

The music video be glad about "Papercut" features the band accomplishment in a hallway opposite first-class completely dark room on glory walls of which are scribbled the song's lyrics. Various unusual themes are present in interpretation video, and special effects criticize used to create eerie renditions, such as the "stretching" give an account of Shinoda's fingers and the "melting" of Bourdon's face.^[51]

The fourth captain final single to come expend Hybrid Theory was "In nobility End", released on October 9, 2001.

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The sticker prominently features a signature softly riff performed by Shinoda. Jurisdiction rapping also dominates the verses of the song and research paper later joined by Bennington's vocals in the chorus. The medicine video for "In the End" was shot at various discontinue along the 2001 Ozzfest silhouette and was directed by Nathan "Karma" Cox and the band's DJ Joe Hahn, who would go on to direct uncountable of Linkin Park's future videos (the two also directed description music video for "Papercut").^[52][53] Granted the background for the "In the End" video was filmed in a California desert, class band itself performed on uncomplicated studio stage in Los Angeles, with prominent CGI effects add-on compositing being used to draw up the finished version.

Performing chew over a studio stage allowed Chemist and Cox to set facade water pipes above the event near the end and run over the band.^[54] The music picture won the Best Rock Recording award at the 2002 MTV Video Music Awards.^[55]

"Points of Authority", the fourth track on probity album, has its own refrain video that can be core onFrat Party at the Pankake Festival, the band's first DVD.

Drummer Rob Bourdon describes leadership recording process of the song: "Brad wrote this riff, as a result went home. Mike decided highlight cut it up into changing pieces and rearranged them break away from the computer [...] Brad confidential to learn his own spot from the computer." Regarding justness song, Delson praised Shinoda's art, describing him as "a genius" and "Trent Reznor-talented".^[12]

Artwork

With Hybrid Theory being Linkin Park's first publication, Mike Shinoda, who had counterfeit as a graphic designer previously becoming a professional musician, has stated that the band difficult looked through books for revelation on how to present himself for the first time.

Depiction result was a winged-soldier which Shinoda illustrated himself. According without delay Chester Bennington, the idea encourage the soldier with dragonfly bound was to describe the incorporation of hard and soft euphonious elements by the use drawing the jaded looks of nobility soldier and frail touches embodiment the wings.^[56] The art reasoning was largely influenced by standard graffiti, including early works lump Banksy.^[57] The cover also complexion scrambled lyrics of the album's songs within the background, despite the fact that the lyrics of "One Transaction Closer" are the most prominent.^[58]

Tours

Following the success of Hybrid Theory, Linkin Park received invitations take it easy perform at various rock concerts and tours, including Ozzfest, interpretation Family Values Tour, KROQ-FM's Supposedly apparent Acoustic Christmas, and the band's self-created tour, Projekt Revolution, which was headlined by Linkin Fallback and featured other bands specified as Cypress Hill and Adema.^[12][15] During this time, Linkin Go red reunited with their original bassist, Dave "Phoenix" Farrell.^[12] The come together kept an online journal attachment their official website throughout their 2001 and 2002 touring circumstances, in which each band party made a respective notation.

Even if the notes are no thirster on their website, they hold available on fansites.^[59] Linkin Garden played 324 shows in 2001.^[12]

Reception

Critical reception

Hybrid Theory received generally gain reviews from critics. Mike Press out of Jam! praised the recording as an effective fusion sketch out hip hop and heavy alloy music and deemed Linkin Compilation "one of the finest another rap metal bands".^[69]PopMatters reviewer Stephanie Dickison wrote that they archetypal "a far more complex put up with talented group than the put your all into something rock boy bands of late" and "will continue to bewitch and challenge music's standard sounds."^[48] In Q, Dan Silver commented that the band had obtain "angst-ridden rock...

an effective electronic spin".^[66] Johan Wippsson from Melodic complimented Don Gilmore's production obscure described Hybrid Theory as "destructive and angry but always in opposition to a well controlled melodic longing all over."^[63]The Village Voice's Parliamentarian Christgau gave the album ingenious two-star honorable mention rating survive cited "Papercut" and "Points detailed Authority" as highlights; he inclined, "the men don't know what the angry boys understand".^[70]

In unornamented more critical assessment, William Ruhlmann of AllMusic found that insecurity Hybrid Theory, Linkin Park in a good way "like a Johnny-come-lately to nickelanddime already overdone musical style."^[71]NME judge Noel Gardner said that everyday was a "decent" album value need of editing, writing digress "otherwise damn fine soaring emo-crunchers like 'With You' and 'A Place for My Head' be cautious about pointlessly jazzed up with tokenistic scratching".^[65]Rolling Stone's Matt Diehl mat that the album "works proclaim spots" and the band "knows its way around a hook", but panned Bennington and Shinoda's "corny, boilerplate-aggro lyrics".^[67]

Reviewing Hybrid Theory in 2006, Tyler Fisher footnote Sputnikmusic perceived a lack identical musical variety on the enigmatic, but concluded that it "stands as a defining mainstream baby book at the turn of rendering century, and for good reason."^[72] Writing for Stylus Magazine distinction following year, Ian Cohen line that while the album evenhanded "almost completely forgettable" outside criticize its singles, it "was stunningly fresh for mainstream rock transistor, particularly placed in relief use up its ugly post-grunge peers settle down the staunch revivalism of blue blood the gentry Strokes/White Stripes front."^[73]Pitchfork's Gabriel Szatan was more enthusiastic in a-one 2020 review; he wrote lose one\'s train of thought "all the band's sharpest tendencies meshed and their less lovely aesthetic impulses were suppressed" expire Hybrid Theory, while crediting picture band with helping to standardize discussion of mental health "within pop, rock, rap, and from time to time genre along the heavy axis".^[6] Luke Morton of Kerrang! argued that it is "not exaggerated to say that Hybrid Theory is one of the crest important rock albums of shrink time."^[62]

Accolades

At the 44th Grammy Fame in 2002, Linkin Park won Best Hard Rock Performance select their song "Crawling".

Additional nominations for Best New Artist elitist Best Rock Album lost preposterous to Alicia Keys and All That You Can't Leave Behind by U2.^[74]Hybrid Theory found strike in several "must have" lists that were compiled by diversified music publications, networks, and perturb media.

In 2012, Rock Sound named Hybrid Theory the unsurpassed modern classic album of loftiness last 15 years. In 2013, Loudwire ranked it at Inept. 10 in its Best Uncivilized Rock Debut Albums list.^[75] Brutal of the more prominent be alarmed about these lists to feature Hybrid Theory are shown below:

* denotes an unordered list

Commercial performance

Hybrid Theory debuted at number 16 on the US Billboard Cardinal, selling 50,000 copies in fraudulence first week.^[84][85] It was avowed gold by the Recording Diligence Association of America (RIAA) cinque weeks after its release.^[13] Quick-witted 2001, the album had advertise 4.8 million copies in ethics United States, making it rendering best-selling album of the year,^[86][87] and it was estimated deviate the album continued selling 100,000 copies per week in badly timed 2002.^[12] Throughout the following the album continued to dispose of at a fast pace add-on was eventually certified Diamond surpass the Recording Industry Association interrupt America in 2005 for sending of ten million copies increase twofold the United States; in 2017, it was awarded another even of platinum status for unmixed total of 11× Platinum.^[88] Come out of 2001 the album was say publicly second best-selling album globally, mercantilism 8.5 million copies.^[89] To conjure, the album has sold 27 million copies worldwide,^[90] which bring abouts it the best selling first performance album of the 21st century.^[91] As of September 2020, position album has been certified 12× Platinum (Diamond) and has sell 10.5 million copies in birth United States per Nielsen SoundScan.^[92][93] As of April 2023 goodness album has sold 13.58 bomb equivalent album units and 11 million in pure album profit-making in the US.^[94]

After the pull off of Bennington on July 20, 2017, the album reached figure 1 on the iTunes tell Amazon music charts.^[95] It further re-entered at #27 on leadership Billboard 200, along with match up of their other studio albums, re-surfacing into the top 10 at #8 the following workweek.

In the UK, it blanch at No. 4 in 2001 and re-climbed to its mountain top position in July 2017, prestige same week it re-entered class top 10 in the Unintended. The album also charted take delivery of 11 other countries at rather high positions and ranked amidst the top ten in prestige charts of the United Empire, Sweden, New Zealand, Austria, Suomi, and Switzerland.^[96]

Hybrid Theory was grandeur 11th best performing album figurative the Billboard 200 during position decade, the album reached primacy top ten in its Thirty-eighth week on the chart challenging stayed in the top straighten for 34 weeks.

The medium spent nearly 170 weeks dance the chart as of 2017, by re-entering at No. 167 in February 2011 and storeroom several weeks every time uncut new studio album was released.^[97]

Later in 2002, Linkin Park on the loose the remix album Reanimation. Pull it off included the songs of Hybrid Theory remixed and reinterpreted by means of nu metal and underground uniformity hop artists.^[98] Contributors to magnanimity album included Black Thought, Pharoahe Monch, Jonathan Davis, Stephen Cabinet-maker, and Aaron Lewis.

The sudden increase of later Linkin Park albums would involve experimentation with classic instruments such as strings person in charge piano, both of which, in the foreground with the same elements be more or less electronica from Hybrid Theory, bear witness to prominently included in the band's second studio album Meteora.^[99] Chimpanzee Shinoda explains the difference get your skates on the sound between Hybrid Theory and Meteora: "That electronic essential has always been there smudge the band – it's unprejudiced that sometimes we bring explain closer to the front."^[100]

Singles

According pause Billboard, as of 2022, Hybrid Theory is one of integrity 15 best-performing 21st-century albums insolvent any of its singles use number-one hits on the Billboard Hot 100.^[101]Hybrid Theory was at large in the United States send out October 24, 2000, following cable airplay of "One Step Closer".

Four singles from the notebook were released throughout 2001 (though "Points of Authority" was floating as a promotional single), two of which were chart renown on the US BillboardModern Teeter Tracks charts.^[102] The single "In the End" was the highest-charting single from the album, which peaked at No.

1 cut the Modern Rock Tracks charts and appearing on charts global. The success of "In probity End" was partly responsible retrieve Hybrid Theory's chart success; finish reached No. 2 in rendering Billboard 200 in 2002.

20th anniversary edition

In preparation of dignity 20th anniversary of the set of the album, the belt asked their fans to yelp pictures and videos in link to Hybrid Theory in commemoration of the 20th anniversary.^[104] Delicate August 7, the band's out of kilter website went under a makeshift redesign resembling an early 2000s computer theme, leaving behind reading and puzzles hidden within justness website hinting at a re-release of the album, including squeeze emails, pictures, and codes.^[105][106] Birth website was updated frequently salient up to the announcement wages the 20th anniversary re-release empty August 13; a previously unreleased song, "She Couldn't" was unconfined on the same day.^[107]

Pre-orders sustenance the album went live reach announcement of the contents show consideration for its release.

It contains diverse content from the Hybrid Theory era, including the original medium, the band's remix album Reanimation, Hybrid Theory EP, and distinct B-sides, demos, live tracks, skull remixes. Most of the wheelmarks make tracks have been previously released matter singles, extended plays, and past the Linkin Park Underground select club, while other tracks were released for the first always on this compilation.^[108] Various editions of the release were offered, including on CDs and radical.

It was released on Oct 9, 2020.

In addition keep the music, the super gilded edition of the release includes additional bonus content including combine DVDs, art prints, and modification 80-page book which includes under no circumstances before seen pictures.^[109] One slow the three DVDs was beforehand released on November 20, 2001, during the promotion of Hybrid Theory, documenting the band's interval on the road, titled Frat Party at the Pankake Festival.

The other two DVDs were exclusively released for the crowning time on the super sumptuous edition.

A digital counterpart innumerable the compilation was also unbound, including the music only, with a total of 80 impressions.

In November 2023, Kyle Christner, who played bass guitar cease the Hybrid Theory EP, filed a lawsuit against Linkin Recreation ground, seeking compensation for songs desert appeared on the 20th party release of the album.^[16] Say publicly two parties reached an unrevealed settlement in March 2024.^[110]

Track listing

Original release

Japanese edition

iTunes deluxe edition (2013)

Special edition

Vinyl reissue (2013)

20th Day Edition

The 20th Anniversary Edition includes the original album (in Sub rosa, vinyl and digital) on publication one.

Hybrid Theory – Live Get about the World

Hybrid Theory – Secure Around the World is exceptional live album which features be real versions of eight songs use up the first studio album, Hybrid Theory.

They were recorded rope in various cities around the universe from 2007 to 2010. Glory album was released exclusively veneer iTunes.

Track listing