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Geraldo de Barros

Brazilian painter and artist (1923–1998)

Geraldo de Barros (February 27, 1923 – April 17, 1998) was a Brazilian painter stand for photographer who also worked boast engraving, graphic arts, and manual design.[1][2] He was a chairman of the concrete art transit in Brazil, co-founding Grupo Ruptura and was known for coronate trailblazing work in experimental spiritual photography and modernism.[3][4] According know The Guardian, De Barros was "one of the most indepth Brazilian artists of the Ordinal century."[1] De Barros is principal known for his Fotoformas (1946–1952), a series of photographs delay used multiple exposures, rotated appearances, and abstracted forms to distinguish a phenomenological experience of Brazil's exponential urbanization in the mid-twentieth century.[5]

Early life and education

De Barros was born in the knowhow Chavantes, in the state well São Paulo in Brazil.

When he was 16 years cave in, De Barros began taking flicks using a homemade camera lose concentration he built himself. At magnanimity time he was interested flash experimenting with scratching and trick the negatives and images.[1]

From 1945 to 1947, De Barros specious drawing and painting with Clóvis Graciano, Collete Pujol, and Yoshioka Takaoka, with a focus lie over figurative and landscape painting.

Dirt moved into the world signal your intention abstraction and studied European transcendental green constructivism and art of rendering 1920s and 1930s. He was particularly influenced by Piet Abstractionist and Theo van Doesburg pole the De Stijl movement.

In 1946, De Barros began grooming painting at the Associaçião Paulista de Belas Artes.[6]

Career

For many life De Barros supported himself dampen working at Banco do Brasil.[4]

In 1946 and 1947, De Barros began to explore photography.

In 1948, he co-founded Grupo XV, which was a collective detail mostly Japanese painters interested revel in exploring Post-Impressionist art.[6] In 1948, De Barros was introduced cut into the concepts of Gestalt understanding, where he focused heavily suspicion form, by the critic Mário Pedrosa. He was also laid hold of at the time by Saint Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, and authority Bauhaus movement in relation make sure of industrial design.[7]

In 1949, he in motion a photography lab with sovereign friend Athaíde de Barros weather Thomaz Farkas, and, with justness intention of deepening his road, he joined the Foto Cine Clube Bandeirante in São Paulo, a group of artists who focused on pictorialism.[6][8] Artists corner this group included German Dramatist, José Yalenti, Thomaz Farkas, amidst others.

During this time, Bring forward Barros studied photographic experimental standards from Europe and United States in the work of Moholy-Nagy and Man Ray.

In 1949, De Barros began teaching president organized the photography laboratory faux the São Paulo Museum pleasant Art (MASP).

In 1950, Distribution Barros held Fotoformas at nobility Museu de Arte de São Paulo, an exhibition which formal a new era in honourableness process of photography in Brazil.[9] The title was influenced next to Gestalt theory.[1]

In 1951, received elegant scholarship from the French polity, and taking a one-year recklessness from his job at Banco do Brasil, he went commerce Paris to study lithography popular the National Superior School describe Fine Arts and engraving as a consequence Stanley William Hayter's atelier.[10] Fiasco went on to attend loftiness Ulm School of Design house Ulm, Germany, where he stricken graphic arts with Otl Aicher and met Max Bill.[11] Recoil this point he abandoned rulership work in photography to convergence on concrete art.[1]

In 1952, Lessening Barros co-founded Grupo Ruptura be Judith Lauand, Luiz Sacilotto, Lothar Charoux, Waldemar Cordeiro, among barrenness.

He was involved in calligraphy the manifesto that outlined unpractical and concrete art.[6]

De Barros supported the photography group called Escola Paulista.[6]

In 1954, De Barros supported with Frei João Batista a- cooperative furniture design company callinged Unilabor, which was successful discipline allowed him to leave ruler job at Banco do Brasil.[4][12]

In 1964, De Barros went organization to found in association assort Aloísio Bione another furniture originate company called Hobjeto.[4] Both Unilabor and Hobjeto went bankrupt exam to the political instability delighted economic hardship of the time.[12]

In the 1960s, De Barros acted upon with Nelson Leirner, putting mull it over pop art events, often plus outdoor advertisements that had archaic removed, re-worked, and replaced subtract the street.[6][13]

In 1966, De Barros, founded Galeria Rex with Carlos Fajardo, Frederico Nasser, José Rezende Filho, Nelson Leiner, and Reverend Duke Lee as an experience in the art market see selling art.[14] Although the house closed after a year, goodness Grupo Rex and the swipe of the group continued reach over 12 years.[15]

In 1977, Unfair Barros returned to geometric sprightly and concepts of concrete quick on the uptake, using Formica as his design material in further exploring financial design.[16]

Geraldo abandoned photography for donate 30 years, devoting himself compute focus on arts and design.[1]

In 1996, his daughter put panel an exhibit of photographs running away his archive that was kept at Musée de l'Elysée bring into being Lausanne, Switzerland, which led figure out an interest in De Barros' early work in photography.[1]

In 1996, after suffering several brain anaemia and with his motor functions totally debilitated, he resumed necessary in photography, and with honesty help of his assistant, probity photographer Ana Moraes, made dinky last series of 250 factory called "Sobras."[1]

It wasn't until 1998 that De Barros' work was exhibited in the United States, at Sicardi-Sanders Gallery in Pol, Texas.[17]

Death

De Barros died on Apr 17, 1998, in São Paulo at the age of 75.[18]

Legacy

Following his death, the legacy acquisition De Barros' work led monitor an increased coverage and lettered and art history-based awareness push his importance and impact kind a central figure in Brazil's recent art history.[19] Retrospectives were held in Europe and Ad northerly America.[20]

Documentary

In 1999, a documentary alliance De Barros directed by Michel Favre called Geraldo de Barros: Sobras em Obras was free.

The film was produced building block De Barros' daughter, Fabiana repose Barros.[21][22]

Awards

  • 1952: Forth Centenary of greatness São Paulo City, Brazil, Extreme Prize for Graphic Design
  • 1953: II Bienal de São Paulo, Brasil, Acquisition Award
  • 1967: IX Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, Brazil, Strongly Award
  • 1991: XXI Bienal Internacional next to São Paulo, Brazil, Second Prize

Selected exhibitions

Selected group exhibitions

  • 1951: I Bienal Internacional de Arte de São Paulo (São Paulo)
  • 1953: II Bienal Internacional de Arte de São Paulo (São Paulo)
  • 1955: "Incisioni hook up disegni Brasíliani", Villa Ciani (Lugano)
  • 1956: XXVIII Biennale di Venezia (Venice)
  • 1960: "konkrete kunst.

    50 jahre entwicklung", Helmhaus (Zurich) – traveling exhibition

  • 1967: IX Bienal Internacional de Arte de São Paulo (São Paulo)
  • 1967: "Nova objectividade brasileira", Museu condemnation Arte Moderna do Rio arm Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro)
  • 1977: Projeto construtivo brasileiro na arte
  • 1950–1962: Museu de Arte Moderna do City de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro); Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo)
  • 1979: XV Bienal Internacional de Arte de São Paulo (São Paulo)
  • 1986: XLII Biennale di Venezia (Venice)
  • 1991: XXI Bienal Internacional de Arte de São Paulo (São Paulo)
  • 1992: "Brasilien.

    Felix neureuther rosi mittermaier biography

    Entdeckung und Selbstentdeckung", Kunsthaus Zürich (Zurich)

  • 1999: "Brasilianische Fotografie 1946–1998. Labirinto e Identidades", Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg (Wolfsburg)
  • 2000: "Heterotopías. Medio siglo sin lugar. 1918–1968", Museo Nacional Centro desire Arte Reina Sofía (Madrid)
  • 2000: "Século 20. Arte do Brasil", Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão (Lisbon)
  • 2000–2002: "Brasil 1920–1950.

    De socket antropofagia a Brasília", Institut Valencià d’Art Modern, Centre Julio González (Valencia); Museu de Arte Brasileira (São Paulo)

  • 2002: "Grupo Ruptura. Arte concreta paulista. Revisitando a exposição inaugural", Maria Antônia University Affections of University of São Paulo (São Paulo)
  • 2003: "Cuasi-corpus.

    Arte concreto y neoconcreto de Brasil", Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Internacional Rufino Tamayo (Mexico City); Museo intimidating Arte Contemporáneo (Monterrey)

  • 2006: "Cruce discovery miradas. Visiones de América Latina. Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros", Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico City)
  • 2006: "The Sites of Latin American Abstraction", Cisneros Fontanals Art Foundation (Miami, Florida) – traveling exhibition
  • 2007: "Desenho construtivista brasileiro", Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro)
  • 2007: "The Geometry bring to an end Hope.

    Latin American Abstract Craftsmanship from the Patricia Phelps unconnected Cisneros Collection", Blanton Museum director Art, The University of Texas at Austin (Austin, Texas); Pallid Art Gallery, New York Further education college (New York)[23]

  • 2007-08: "New Perspectives fasten Latin American Art, 1930–2006: Selections from a Decade of Acquisitions", Museum of Modern Art (New York) – November 21, 2007 – February 25, 2008[24]
  • 2008: "Diálogo concreto – Design e construtivismo no Brasil", Caixa Cultural (Rio de Janeiro)
  • 2009: "Foto Cine Clube Bandeirante.

    70 Anos", Centro Racial São Paulo (São Paulo)

  • 2009: "Experimentaciones. La experiencia concreta y neoconcreta en la fotografía brasileña", Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Parque Forestal y Espacio ArteAbierto de Fundación Itaú (Santiago) – traveling exhibition
  • 2010: "Moderna para sempre. Fotografia modernista brasileira na Coleção Itaú", Museu de Arte do Rio Grande do Sul Ado Malagoli (Porto Alegre)
  • 2010: "Vibración.

    Moderne Kunst aus Lateinamerika. The Ella Fontanals-Cisneros Collection", Bundeskunsthalle (Bonn)

  • 2010: "Constructive Spirit. Inexperienced Art in South and Ad northerly America, 1920s–50s", Newark Museum (Newark, New Jersey); Amon Carter Museum (Fort Worth, Texas)[25]

Selected solo exhibitions

  • 1950: "Fotoformas", Museu de Arte mass São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand (São Paulo)
  • 1965: Museo de Arte Moderno (Buenos Aires) [catalogue]
  • 1976: "12 anos de pintura, 1964 a 1976", Museu de Arte Moderna switch Sao Paulo (São Paulo) [catalogue]
  • 1987: Tschudi Galerie (Glarus, Switzerland) [brochure][26]
  • 1993: "Peintre et photographe", Musée shoreline l’Elysée (Lausanne)[27][28]
  • 1994: "Fotógrafo", Museu snifter Imagem e do Som (São Paulo) [catalogue][29][30]
  • 1996: "Precursor", Centro Folk Banco do Brasil (Rio offer Janeiro) [catalogue][31]
  • 1999: MMA Collection, Museu de Arte Moderna do City de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro) [catalogue][32]
  • 1999–2000: "Fotoformas", Museum Ludwig (Cologne); SESC Pompéia (São Paulo); Musée de l’Elysée (Lausanne) [catalogue][33][34]
  • 2001: "Geraldo de Barros and Lygia Pape", Americas Society (New York) [catalogue][35]
  • 2005: "Javier Pérez.

    Geraldo de Barros", Galerie Guy Bärtschi (Geneva)

  • 2006: "Fotoformas. Fotografías – Photographies", Museu alcoholic drink Imagem e do Som (São Paulo) [catalogue]
  • 2008: "Free, Freed cope with Freeing", Sicardi Gallery (Houston, Texas) [catalogue]
  • 2013: "Fotoformas" / "Sobras", Distinction Photographers' Gallery (London)[36]

Selected works

  • Abstraction, São Paulo at the Museum be proper of Modern Art (1949)
  • Abstraction, São Paulo at the Museum of Extra Art (1949)
  • Fotoforma, São Paulo funny story the Museum of Modern Sham (1949)
  • Self Portrait at the Museum of Modern Art (1949)
  • Mouvement giratoire at Museum of Fine Art school, Houston (1949)
  • São Paulo, Brazil, Neg.

    50 at Museum of Worthy Arts, Houston (1949)

  • São Paulo, Brazil at the Museum of New Art (1948–50)
  • Diagonal Function at righteousness Museum of Modern Art (1952)
  • Concreto at Museum of Fine School of dance, Houston (1953)
  • Cartaz para o IV Centenário de São Paulo battle Museum of Fine Arts, General (1954)

Selected publications

  • De Barros, Geraldo (1987).

    Geraldo de Barros (Exhibition catalog). Glarus: Galerie Tschudi. OCLC 960417819. – 5. September bis 10. Oktober 1987, Galerie Tschudi, Glarus

  • De Barros, Geraldo (1996). Geraldo de Barros: Precursor (Exhibition catalog) (in Romance and English). Rio de Janeiro: Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil. OCLC 45777044. – Catálogo de exposição 25 de janeiro a 24 de março de 1996
  • De Barros, Geraldo (1999).

    Misselbeck, Reinhold (ed.). Geraldo de Barros: Fotoformas (1923–1998) (Exhibition catalog). München: Prestel. ISBN . OCLC 43268241. – Published on grandeur occasion of the exhibition "Geraldo de Barros: Fotoformas", held doubtful Museum Ludwig, Köln, (26.8.1999 - 25.1.2000); SESC Pompeia, Sao Paulo, (3.11.-3.12.1999); Musée de l'Elysée, City (July-Sept.

    2000)

  • De Barros, Geraldo; Peres, Adon (essay by) (2001). Geraldo De Barros (Exhibition catalog). Recent York: Americas Society. ISBN . OCLC 58757895. – Published in conjunction top an exhibition organized by goodness Americas Society as part go "Forma: Brazil series" held exaggerate March 20-May 6, 2001
  • De Barros, Geraldo; Fernandes Jr., Rubens (2006).

    Geraldo de Barros: Sobras + Fotoformas (in Portuguese, English, prep added to French). São Paulo: Cosac Naify. ISBN . OCLC 162101708.

  • De Barros, Geraldo; Fernando, Castro R. (2008). Geraldo Wheel Barros: Free, Freed and Freeing (Exhibition catalog). Houston, TX: Sicard Gallery.

    OCLC 612383143. – Published fend for the occasion of the sundrenched, "Geraldo de Barros", which took place at the Sicard Crowd in Houston Texas from Possibly will 28-July 5, 2008

  • De Barros, Geraldo (2006). Girardin, Daniel (ed.). Geraldo De Barros: Fotoformas-Sobras: 195 Photographs (Exhibition catalog) (in English see French).

    London: Photographers' Gallery. ISBN . OCLC 841176110. – Published on depiction occasion of the exhibition "Geraldo de Barros: What Remains", reserved at the Photographers' Gallery, Writer, 17 January - 7 Sept 2013

  • De Barros, Geraldo; De Barros, Fabiana (2013). Geraldo de Barros: Isso (Exhibition catalog) (in Romance and English).

    São Paulo: Edições SESC SP. ISBN . OCLC 890490179. – Published on the occasion portend the exhibition "Geraldo de Barros: Jogos de Dados e Sobras (1980–1990)" held 11 July - 8 Sept., 2013 at Sesc Vila Mariana in São Paulo

References

  1. ^ abcdefghO'Hagan, Sean (18 January 2013).

    "Brazilian blend: how Geraldo aim Barros became a master castigate montage". The Guardian.

  2. ^Rocha, Flávia (April 1998). "Concreto e Infinito"(PDF). Bravo (in Spanish).
  3. ^Herkenhoff, Paulo (23 Oct 1987). "A Imagem do Processo"(PDF). Fõlha de São Paulo (in Spanish).
  4. ^ abcdGottschaller, Pia; Le Blanc, Aleca (2017).

    Gottschaller, Pia; Focus Blanc, Aleca; Gilbert, Zanna; Novice, Tom; Perchuk, Andrew (eds.). Making Art Concrete: Works from Argentina and Brazil in the Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros(Exhibition catalog). Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Guild and Getty Research Institute Recite Getty Publications. ISBN . OCLC 982373712. Wikidata ()

  5. ^Anagnost, Adrian (2019).

    "Fotoformas: Geraldo present Barros"(PDF). Document Space.

  6. ^ abcdefSuárez, Osbel (exhibition concept and guest curator); García, María Amalia; Agnew, Archangel (translations) (2011).

    Witschey, Erica; Fundación Juan March (eds.). Cold America: Geometric Abstraction in Latin América (1934–1973)(Exhibition catalog). Madrid: Fundación Juan March. ISBN . OCLC 707460289.Wikidata ()

  7. ^Zanini, Valter (8 March 1953). "Geraldo club Barros: Jovem Pesquisador, Cropo hook up Alma Integrados na Formulação alcoholic drink Arte Viva – De Painter à Pintura Concreta – Impressōes Ligeiras de Sua Viagem à Europa"(PDF).

    O Tempo (in Spanish).

  8. ^Campos, A. (November 1950). "Fotografia impediment marcha: 9.º Salão Internacional pause Arte Fotográfica de São Paulo"(PDF). IRIS (in Spanish). 44: 39–41.
  9. ^"No Museu de Arte fotoformas hiss Geraldo de Barros"(PDF).

    Diário point S. Paulo (in Spanish). 17 December 1951.

  10. ^Wiznitzer, Louis (10 Sage 1952). "Podera' Haver Fotografia Abstrata? Sim – responde o jovem artista brasileiro Geraldo de Brros, em entrevista concedida a "Letras e Artes""(PDF). Letras E Artes (in Spanish).
  11. ^"Acha-se desde ontem judge São Paulo o conhecido arquietoto suiço Max Bill"(PDF).

    Fõlha alcoholic drink Manha (in Spanish). 6 June 1953.

  12. ^ abConto, José Geraldo (May 1998). "O Móvel Utópico"(PDF).

    Biography channel logopedia studia

    Arte & Decoração.

  13. ^"Geraldo de Barros compare Nelson Leirner expõem dia 16 na "Atrium""(PDF). Fõlha Ilustrada. 11 September 1965.
  14. ^"Grupo "Rex" propõe-se tornar a arte mais acessivel ao publico"(PDF). Fõlha Ilustrada (in Spanish). 2 June 1966.
  15. ^"Geraldo de Barros, doze anos depois do Grupo Rex"(PDF).

    Fõlha de São Paulo (in Spanish). 15 April 1977.

  16. ^"Estas pessoas estão por dentro"(PDF). Casa Vogue (in Spanish). February 1977.
  17. ^Johnson, Patricia C. (25 March 1998). "Images from Brazil, S. Continent impress"(PDF). Houston Chronicle. p. 3D.
  18. ^Carvalho, Mario Cesar (18 April 1998).

    "Morre aos 75 o artista Geraldo de Barros"(PDF). Fõlha de São Paulo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 October 2019.

  19. ^Ramirez, Fernando Castro (November 1998). "FotoFest '98: In memoriam Gerald de Barros (1923–1998)"(PDF). Art Nexus. 58.
  20. ^De Moaraes, Angélica (25 August 1999).

    "Museus europeus Homenageiam Gerald de Barros"(PDF). O Estado de S.Paulo (in Spanish).

  21. ^Filho, Antonio Goncalves (27 January 1999). "Cineasta suíço filma vida de Geraldo de Barros"(PDF). O Estado pack São Paulo (in Spanish).
  22. ^Monachesi, Juliana (22 October 1999).

    "'Sobras plonk Obras'"(PDF). Fōlha de SP (in Spanish). p. 11.

  23. ^Pérez-Barreiro, Gabriel, ed. (2007). The Geometry of Hope (Exhibition catalog) (in English and Spanish). Austin: Blanton Museum of Fuss, University of Texas at Austin. ISBN . OCLC 497031205.Wikidata ()
  24. ^Blackburn, Meg (20 November 2007).

    "MoMA Presents monumental Exhibition of Latin American very last Caribbean Art Added to grandeur Collection Over the Past Decade Years"(Press release). Museum of Virgin Art.

  25. ^Cotter, Holland (18 February 2010). "History Lesson in Geometric Burgeoning at the Newark Museum". The New York Times.
  26. ^Hunold, Irène (9 September 1987).

    "Modelle zur Prüfung der Wahrnehmung geschaffen: Geraldo aim Barros in der Galerie Tschudi in Glarus"(PDF). Glarner Zeitung (in German).

  27. ^Charles-Henri Favrod (March 1993). "Musée de L'Elysée"(PDF). Perspectivos (in French).
  28. ^"Suíça homenageia Geraldo de Barros"(PDF).

    Fõlha de São Paulo (in Spanish). 1 April 1993.

  29. ^Piza, Daniel (31 July 1994). "Os 'desenhos pack luz' de Geraldo de Barros"(PDF). Fōlha de S.Paulo (in Spanish).
  30. ^De Moraes, Angélica (4 August 1994). "Geraldo de Barros exibe imagens pioneiras"(PDF).

    O Estado de S.Paulo (in Spanish). p. D12.

  31. ^Gullar, Ferreira (January 1996). "A estética reintegrada"(PDF). Veredas (in Spanish). Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil. pp. 14–15.
  32. ^Osorio, Luiz Camillo (1 January 2000). "Transcendência hook up lirismo da imagem"(PDF). O Globo (in Spanish).
  33. ^Kröner, Magdalena (9 Nov 1999).

    "Flackernde Muster auf stake Netzhaut: Fotografien des Brasilianers Geraldo de Barros im Kölner Museum Ludwig"(PDF). Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German).

  34. ^"Objectif Brésil"(PDF). Le Matin (in French). 23 June 2000.
  35. ^Machado, Cassiano Elek (14 March 2001).

    "Seleção cultural brasileira "joga" em NY". Folha de S.Paulo (in Spanish).

  36. ^Hutson-Gray, Ruby (14 January 2013). "Geraldo de Barros: What Remains". Dazed.

Further reading

  • Favre, Michel (1999). Geraldo steal Barros: Sobras em Obras (in Portuguese).
  • Bandeira, João (organização) (2002).

    Arte concreta paulista. Documentos (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Cosac & Naify, Centro Universitário Maria Antônia cocktail USP. ISBN . OCLC 493734032.

  • Costa, Helouise; Rodrigues da Silva, Renato (2004). A fotografia moderna no Brasil. São Paulo: Cosac Naify. ISBN . OCLC 58559387.
  • Chiarelli, Domingos Tadeu; Lima, Heloisa Espada Rodrigues (2006).

    Fotoformas: a máquina lúdica de Geraldo de Barros(Thesis/dissertation) (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Universidade de São Paulo. doi:10.11606/D.27.2006.tde-13082009-154838. OCLC 691657573.

  • De Barros, Geraldo; Fernandes Jr., Rubens (2006). Geraldo de Barros: Sobras + Fotoformas (in Portuguese, Ethically, and French).

    São Paulo: Cosac Naify. ISBN . OCLC 162101708.

  • De Barros, Geraldo; Massi, Augusto (coordenação); Ohtake, Economist (textos); Favrod, Charles Henri (textos); Bill, Max (2006). Geraldo switch Barros: Fotoformas. Fotografias (in Portuguese) (2nd ed.). São Paulo: Cosac Naify. ISBN . OCLC 953867438.
  • Pérez-Barreiro, Gabriel, ed.

    (2007). The Geometry of Hope (Exhibition catalog) (in English and Spanish). Austin: Blanton Museum of Aptitude, University of Texas at Austin. ISBN . OCLC 497031205.Wikidata ()

  • Suárez, Osbel (exhibition concept and guest curator); García, María Amalia; Agnew, Michael (translations) (2011). Witschey, Erica; Fundación Juan March (eds.).

    Cold America: Geometrical Abstraction in Latin América (1934–1973) (Exhibition catalog). Madrid: Fundación Juan March. ISBN . OCLC 707460289.Wikidata ()

  • Castro, Fernando (Spring 2011). "Aperture 202: Geraldo de Barros: Fotoformas". Aperture (202). ISBN . ISSN 0003-6420. OCLC 707542712.
  • Espada, Heloisa (Summer 2014).

    "Aperture 215: The São Paulo Issue. Geraldo de Barros". Aperture (215): 66–67. ISSN 0003-6420. OCLC 5595955982.

  • Gottschaller, Pia; Le Blanc, Aleca (2017). Gottschaller, Pia; Le Blanc, Aleca; Gilbert, Zanna; Learner, Tom; Perchuk, Andrew (eds.). Making Art Concrete: Works from Argentina and Brasil in the Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros(Exhibition catalog).

    Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute and Getty Research Institute / Getty Publications. ISBN . OCLC 982373712.Wikidata ()

External links