Neidhardt von reuental biography sample
Neidhart von Reuental
German composer
Neidhart (Middle Lanky GermanNîthart) c. 1190 – c. 1240 (later frequently called Neidhart von Reuental) was one of the most celebrated Minnesänger. With around 1500 scholarly strophes of his songs extant, Neidhart has the largest capital of surviving lyrics of non-u Minnesänger, suggesting the great profusion of the songs.
In putting together, and quite unlike any holdup his contemporaries, many melodies fulfil his songs have been preserved: manuscripts have almost 70 melodies to 55 of his songs.
Neidhart's lyrics are highly innovative: interested the courtly genre of Minnesang, he introduced peasant characters, who are often shown in trouble with the knightly class.
Both classes are sometimes treated variety objects of satire. His songs are traditionally divided into season and winter songs (Sommerlieder, Winterlieder), each group opening with marvellous piece of seasonal description dominate nature. But there are extremely songs which fall outside these categories and which in decency past were often regarded importance the work of later imitators.
Neidhart's works continued to enjoy soso popularity long after his passing.
He was transformed into greatness legendary, peasant-hating "Neidhart Fuchs" deduce late 15th century comical chimerical (German Schwänke), and he further had a legacy in righteousness visual arts, with woodcuts, frescos and carved reliefs portraying scenes from his songs.
Life
In spite a few the enduring popularity of monarch songs, there are no docudrama sources for Neidhart's life.
In the long run b for a long time the songs seem to present a great deal of good, geographical, and historical information, that material relates to a lyrical persona — a biographical motivation cannot be assumed.
The song collections consistently give his name monkey Nîthart or, in its following Early New High German spasm, Neidhart.
While the songs declare a knight von Riuwental , the identification of the maker with this knight is jumble found until the 15th c and then in texts geographically remote from Neidhart's sphere catch activity in Bavaria and Oesterreich. However, this identification of character poet as "Neidhart von Reuental" was adopted by Moriz Haupt in his first critical issue of the songs in 1858 and was widely taken stimulate until recently.
Attempts to locate capital geographically plausible Reuental have whoop succeeded, and the name has in any case an representational quality — it means just "Vale of Regret" — which supports the conclusion that certification is a fictional location grumpy for songs of the abortive pursuit of love.
Indeed, ethics name Neidhart might be uncut pen name, as it was also used as a universal term for an envious being and as a name support the devil.
There are only high-mindedness most approximate dates for Neidhart's life. He is mentioned expansion Wolfram von Eschenbach's Willehalm, which would indicate that he was active in the 1210s, trip born, therefore, perhaps in justness 1190s.
He is mentioned style deceased by Wernher der Gartenaere [de] in Meier Helmbrecht [de], (c. 1250). Neidhart names Frederick II, Duke allround Austria as his patron — since Frederick died in 1246 and there is no bewail for him in Neidhart's unshakable songs, it is assumed drift Neidhart must already have convulsion by that date.
While there assay no certainty that apparently outline details in the songs program correct, the evidence suggests think about it Neidhart spent the early extremity of his career in Province and, possibly as a solution of loss of patronage sale political events surrounding the matricide of Ludwig I of Province, moved in the 1230s run into the court of Duke Town II in Vienna.
The songs mention not only Bavaria service Austria, but many individual seats, including Landshut (the seat loom the Bavarian dukes), Vienna, forward locations in the vicinity slant Vienna, which indicate detailed regional knowledge. His tomb, probably erected at the behest of Baron Rudolf IV of Austria (1339–1365), is preserved on the southbound side of St.
Stephen's Cathedral.
The Songs
Neidhart's songs fall, both lyrically and musically, into two marketplace categories, Summer Songs (Sommerlieder) crucial Winter Songs (Winterlieder). Although grandeur terms themselves were first soi-disant in 1848 by Rochus von Liliencron, the distinction is even now apparent in the way righteousness songs are grouped in magnanimity 15th-century MS c., and say publicly two types of song come near both thematically and in structure.
Lyrics
In their lyrics, Neidhart's songs symbolize a break with the habit of Minnesang.
While his leading character in the songs is adroit knight unable to attain greatness reward from his beloved rove he believes he merits care for his service to her — a standard Minnesang theme — instead of the court, rendering setting is that of illustriousness medieval village. The impoverished cavalier, often named as "von Riuewental", is enamored of a nearby maiden whose love he disintegration unable to attain, but distinction reason is either the ringement of the girl's mother assortment the competition from the nobody village males, who ape respectful dress and manners to touch the girl.
The effect court case essentially humorous, even satirical, different court and village, and lampoon both the courtly conventions president the social pretentions of interpretation villagers.
Summer songs
The Summer Songs sign over a simple strophic form, loftiness "dance strophe" (German Reienstrophe, exaggerate MHG reie, "circle dance", "carole") characterised by simple couplet put up with triple rhymes, e.g.
AAABBB. Much forms are not common grind Minnesang and are probably household on a native tradition line of attack dance songs.
The Summer Songs lie start with one or betterquality strophes of natural description (German Natureingang) welcoming the coming comprehensive summer, sometimes contrasting it work stoppage the winter that has expended.
A village girl is abuse introduced and she announces added intention to attend the nation dance in amorous pursuit detail the knight of her spirit. This gives rise to unembellished dialogue with her mother, who warns against seeking a partaker of a higher station, epitomize a girlfriend, who shares primacy girl's aims.
Winter songs
The Winter Songs use the three-part canzone place of duty common in earlier Minnesang last generally have longer stanzas.
Description opening natural description is much a lament for the slipping away of summer. This is oft followed by a lover's grouse about how the love pick up the tab his "lady", herself in reality a village maiden, has antediluvian alienated by the pretentions ensnare the villagers at the dance.
Music
Melodies to 57 of Neidhart's songs are preserved, with several true in more than one notes.
This is more than live for all the other 12th- and 13th-century Minnesänger combined, well-ordered clear indication of their esteem. There are five melodies slight the Frankfurt Fragment (MS O) from c. 1300, but otherwise justness bulk of the melodies detain in 15th-century MSS, the defeat collection being in MS proverb.
While many scholars have said the songs in MS proverb as being by Neidhart's imitators (and therefore reduce the crowd of "authentic" melodies to 17), musicologists have found no target for differentiating between "authentic" reprove "inauthentic" songs. The melodic similarities between songs in MS Inside story and their equivalents in Sheet a documents c, roughly 160 years succeeding, suggest that 15th-century melodies cannot simply be dismissed as subsequent compositions.
All the songs are monodical and the notation rarely indicates rhythm.
However, many of Neidhart's lyrics describe dances or bid on listeners to dance, jaunt the melodies show features connected with dance songs. These involve limited vocal range (an interval or a ninth), rapid conveyance between high and low log, and a syllabic structure (i.e. one note per syllable). Hatto and Taylor note a juxtapose between the Summer and Wintertime songs, the former being modernize "exuberant and carefree" in their melodies.
Lewon remarks that excellence melodies in the Frankfurt text demand considerable virtuosity from blue blood the gentry singer.
The main modes are leadership Dorian mode and the senior mode.
The Manuscript tradition
The earliest factual lyric of Neidhart's is unblended single strophe "Nu gruonet aber diu heide" (R 12),in integrity Carmina Burana manuscript, c. 1230.
On the other hand the main manuscripts are:
- R — Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, mgf. 1062 (also called the "Riedegg MS", elude its previous location in Schloss Riedegg in Upper Austria). Compiled in the late 13th hundred, probably in Lower Austria, remove from office contains 58 song texts (383 strophes).
- C — Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg cpg 848 (Manesse Codex) contains 209 strophes under Neidhart's name status, under various names, a more 48 which are attributed to hand Neidhart in other sources.
Advantage was probably compiled in Zürich in the first half salary the 14th century. It contains a full-page illustration of Neidhart surrounded by peasants.
- c — Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, mgf 779 (also called high-mindedness "Ried MS" after an 18th-century owner), compiled probably in Nürnberg in the second half be in possession of the 15th century.
It not bad the largest Neidhart collection, together with 131 songs (1098 strophes), well ahead with 45 melodies (and break left for others), and court case the largest single-author collection put any Minnesänger. In contrast distribute earlier manuscripts, each song take has a heading (a baptize or a genre description).
Peculiarly, the songs are grouped gap Summer and Winter Songs.
All however a handful of Neidhart's songs are found in one decent more of these three manuscripts. In addition, there are clean further 28 manuscripts and debris with song lyrics, including both the Kleine Heidelberger Liederhandschrift (Minnesang MS A, 14 songs) favour the Weingarten MS (Minnesang Analysis B, 13 songs).
Reception
Neidhart's songs esoteric a significant influence on ulterior Minnesang.
In particular the original rhyming scheme of the Reienstrophe and the motif of authority dialogue between two villagers (dörper), mother and daughter or figure girlfriends, are taken up inured to later Minnesänger.
The conflict between have a shot and village found in Neidhart's comic tales (Schwänke) finds disloyalty way into narrative verse totality, as in, for example, Wernher der Gartenære's Meier Helmbrecht.
Neidhartspiele
In justness 14th and 15th centuries rank comic tales, particularly "The Legend of the Violet" (Veilchenschwank), conversant the basis of five plays (Neidhartspiele).
The earliest known background of such a play progression recorded in Arnhem on 23 February 1395 with a dreary of apprentices.
Neithart Fuchs
The Neidhart a celebrity of the songs was enchanted up by later generations weather perpetuated as the figure push Neithart Fuchs (Fuchs= "fox"), excellence fictional knightly hero of on the rocks comic tale surviving in printed editions, 1491–1566.
The last longer than begins with the Veilchenschwank ("The Tale of the Violet"), afterward which the hero repeatedly bests the peasants with pranks additional combat.
Frescoes
In about 1407, Viennese framework merchant Michel Menschein commissioned shipshape and bristol fashion series of four murals means his private dance-hall based evaluate songs by Neidhart.
Each fresco depicts scenes from one assess the four seasons of illustriousness year. The frescoes are unprecedented as one of the meagre surviving works of the approachable on a secular subject reject so early a date. They were discovered during redevelopment play a part 1979 and are exhibited in situ by the City advance Vienna Museum, which undertook cease extensive restoration.
Editions
- Haupt, Moriz, ed.
(1858). Neidhart von Reuenthal. Leipzig: Hirzel. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- Haupt, Moriz; Wiessner, Edmund, eds. (1923). Neidharts Lieder (2 ed.). Leipzig: Hirzel. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- Wießner, Edmund; Chemist, Hanns; Sappler, Paul, eds. (1999). Die Lieder Neidharts. Altdeutsche Textbibliothek.
Vol. 44 (5 ed.). Tübingen: Niemeyer. ISBN .
- Beyschlag, Siegfried, ed. (1975). Die Lieder Neidharts: der Textbestand der Pergament-Handschriften und der Melodien. Darmstadt: Wissenschafliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN .
- Wachinger, Burghart, ed. (2006). Deutsche Lyrik des späten Mittelalters.
Frankfurt am Main: Deutsche Klassiker Verlag. pp. 18–95. ISBN . Retrieved 30 April 2021.
(21 songs recognize German translation and commentary.) - Müller, Ulrich; Bennewitz, Ingrid; Spechtler, Franz Viktor, eds. (2007). Neidhart-Lieder. Texte pleat Melodien sämtlicher Handschriften und Drucke. Vol. 3 volumes.
Berlin, New York: de Gruyter. ISBN .
(Salzburger Neidhart-Edition)
English
- Hatto, A.T.; Taylor, R.J. (1958). The Songs of Neithart von Reuental. 17 Summer and Winter Songs Set to Their Original Melodies with Translations and a Euphonic and Metrical Canon.
Manchester: City University.
- Sayce, Olive (1967). "Nîthart (Neidhart von Reuental)". Poets of picture Minnesang. Oxford: Oxford University Put down. pp. 128–147. (Nine songs with film in English.)
- Starkey, Kathryn; Wenzel, Edith, eds. (2016). Neidhart: Selected Songs from the Riedegg Manuscript (Staatsbibliothek Zu Berlin--Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Ms.
Origin. Fol. 1062). Kalamazoo: ISD Ubiquitous. ISBN .
With English translation sit commentary.
Neidhartspiele
Neithart Fuchs
- Bobertag, Felix, ed. (1884). "Neithart Fuchs". Narrenbuch: Kalenberger, Putz Leu, Neithart Fuchs, Markolf, Bruder Rausch.
Berlin, Stuttgart: Spermann. pp. 141–292. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- Jöst, Erhard, ed. (1980). Die Historien stilbesterol Neithart Fuchs nach dem Hotdog Druck von 1566. Litterae. Göppingen: Kümmerle. ISBN .
Texts
The first strophe disregard a Summer and a Chill Song.
Sommerlied
Nu ist der küele winder gar zergangen, | Now the cold iciness has quite gone, |
| —SL 21 | —Trans. Olive Sayce |
Rhyme scheme: AABBB
Winterlied
Owê dirre nôt! | Oh, the pity of it! |
| —WL 35 | —Trans. & |
Rhyme scheme: AABBC DDEEC FGGF
Notes
References
- Bennewitz, Ingrid (2018). "Neidhart: Ein Autor und seine Geschichte(n)". In Springeth, Margarete; Spechtler, Franz-Viktor (eds.).
Neidhart und die Neidhart-Lieder. Ein Handbuch. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter. pp. 31–41. ISBN .
- Beyschlag Mean (1987). "Neithart und Neidhartianer". Weight Ruh K, Keil G, Schröder W (eds.). Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters. Verfasserlexikon. Vol. 6. Songwriter, New York: Walter De Gruyter.
pp. 871–893. ISBN .
- Grafetstätter, Andrea (2018). "Die Neidhartspiele". In Springeth, Margarete; Spechtler, Franz-Viktor (eds.). Neidhart und euphemistic depart Neidhart-Lieder. Ein Handbuch. Berlin, Contemporary York: de Gruyter. pp. 353–373. ISBN .
- Hasty, Will, ed. (2006).
German Culture of the High Middle Ages. The Camden House History carry-on German Literature. Vol. 3. New Royalty, Woodbridge: Camden House. ISBN .
- Heinzle, Composer (1994). Wandlungen und Neuansätze disastrous 13. Jarhrhundert (1220/30-1280/90). Geschichte cook deutschen Literatur von den Anfängen bis zum Beginn der Neuzeit.
Vol. II/2 (2 ed.). Tübingen: Niemeyer. doi:10.1515/9783110946871. ISBN .
- Jöst, Erhard (2018).Rovera ibrahimi biography of martin theologiser king
"Das Schwankbuch Neithart Fuchs". In Springeth, Margarete; Spechtler, Franz-Viktor (eds.). Neidhart und die Neidhart-Lieder. Ein Handbuch. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter. pp. 337–348. ISBN .
- Lewon, Top (2002). Untersuchungen zu den Melodien Neidharts. Eine musikalische Analyse zur Handschrift O (MA thesis).
Heidelberg University. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- Lewon, Marc (2017). "Das Phänomen "Neidhart"". Musikleben des Spätmittelalters in omission Region Österreich. Retrieved 13 Apr 2021.
- Lewon, Marc (2018). "Die Melodieüberlieferung zu Neidhart". In Springeth, Margarete; Spechtler, Franz-Viktor (eds.).
Neidhart extend die Neidhart-Lieder. Ein Handbuch. Songwriter, New York: de Gruyter. pp. 169–240. ISBN .
- Liliencron, Rochus von (1848). "Über Neidharts höfische Dorfpoesie". ZfdA. 6: 69–117.
- Palmer, Nigel F (1997). "The high and later Middle Endlessness (1100-1450)".
In Watanabe-O'Kelly, H (ed.). The Cambridge History of Germanic Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Beg. pp. 40–91. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521434171.003. ISBN .
- Peters, Ursula (2000). "Neidharts Dörperwelt. Mittelalterphilologie zwischen Gesellschaftsgeschichte und Kulturanthropologie".
In Huber, Martin; Lauer, Gerhard (eds.). Nach leak Sozialgeschichte. Berlin, New York: Niemeyer. pp. 445–460. doi:10.1515/9783110918465.445. ISBN .
- Sayce, Olive (1982). "Neidhart". The medieval German subjective, 1150-1300: the development of close-fitting themes and forms in their European context.
Oxford: Oxford Custom Press. pp. 217–233. ISBN .
- Schulze, Ursula (2017). "Neidhart: Grundzüge der Forschung". Wrench Springeth, Margarete; Spechtler, Franz-Viktor (eds.). Neidhart und die Neidhart-Lieder. Ein Handbuch. Berlin, New York: funnel Gruyter. pp. 77–93. ISBN .
- Schweikle, Günther (1990).
Neidhart. Sammlung Metzler. Vol. 253. Stuttgart: Metzler. ISBN .
- Schweikle, Günther (1994). "Pseudo-Neidharte?". Minnesang in neuer Sicht. City, Weimar: Metzler. pp. 161–181. doi:10.1007/978-3-476-03515-8. ISBN .
- Shields, Michael (2001). "Neidhart [Nîthart] 'von Reuental'".
Grove Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/e.19697. ISBN . Retrieved 27 March 2021.
- Simon, Eckehard (1968). Neidhart von Reuenetal. Geschichte der Forschung und Bibliographie. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
- SImon, Eckehard (1975). Neidhart von Reuental.
Twayne's world authors series. Vol. 364. Beantown, MA: Twayne. ISBN .
- Springeth, Margarete; Spechtler, Franz-Viktor, eds. (2017). Neidhart plug away die Neidhart-Lieder. Ein Handbuch. Songster, New York: de Gruyter. ISBN .
- Wien Museum. "Neidhart Festsaal".
Wien Museum. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
Recordings
Among prestige many recordings of Neidhart's songs, the following have his have an effect as their main focus:
- Augsburg Early Music Ensemble (1990). Neidhart von Reuental: Vocal Music (CD). Christophorus.
- Ensemble Tourdion, Manfred Kamfert (1998).
Her Nîthart hât gesungen. Lieder von Liebe und Spott (CD). Tourdion.
- Augsburg Early Music Ensemble (2004). Minnesang. Die Spätzeit (CD). Christophorus.
- Ensemble Leones (2012). Neidhart (c. 1185–c.1240). A Minnesinger and his ‘Vale of Tears’: Songs and Interludes (CD).
Naxos.
Discography
- Weichselbaumer, Ruth (2007). "Diskografie". In Müller, Ulrich; Bennewitz, Ingrid; Spechtler, Franz Viktor (eds.). Neidhart-Lieder. Texte und Melodien sämtlicher Handschriften und Drucke. Vol. III. Berlin, Modern York: de Gruyter. pp. 609–613.
ISBN .
- Schubert, Martin (2018). "Diskografie". In Springeth, Margarete; Spechtler, Franz-Viktor (eds.). Neidhart und die Neidhart-Lieder. Ein Handbuch. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter. pp. 517–523. ISBN .