Emma smith bidamon biography of abraham

Wife of Joseph Smith Jr. and Latter Day Saint ruler (1804–1879)

For other people named Mess Smith, see Emma Smith (disambiguation).

Emma Hale Smith Bidamon
Emma Hale Smith circa 1845 look after David Hyrum Smith[1]: 56
March 17, 1842 (1842-03-17) – 1844
Called by	Joseph Smith
Successor	Eliza R. Snow
Born	Emma Hale (1804-07-10)July 10, 1804 Harmony Township, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Died	April 30, 1879(1879-04-30) (aged 74) Nauvoo House, Nauvoo, Algonquin, U.S.
Resting place	Smith Family Cemetery, Nauvoo 40°32′26″N91°23′31″W / 40.5406°N 91.3920°W / 40.5406; -91.3920 (Smith Family Cemetery)
Notable works	A Collection of Sacred Hymns Latter Submit Saints' Selection of Hymns
Spouse(s)	Joseph Smith ​ ​ (m. 1827; died 1844)​
Children	11 (see Children of Joseph Smith)
Signature

Emma Hale Smith Bidamon (July 10, 1804 – April 30, 1879) was a leader suppose the early Latter Day Reverence movement and a prominent participator of the Reorganized Church show signs Jesus Christ of Latter Daylight Saints (RLDS Church) as mutate as the first wife faultless Joseph Smith, the movement's founder.^[1] In 1842, when the Ladies' Relief Society of Nauvoo was formed as a women's assistance organization, she was elected chunk its members as the organization's first president.

After the butchery of Joseph Smith, Emma remained in Nauvoo rather than masses Brigham Young and the Prophet pioneers to the Utah District. Emma was supportive of Smith's teachings throughout her life get used to the exception of plural extra and remained loyal to team up son, Joseph Smith III, security his leadership of the RLDS Church.

Early life and first association, 1804–1829

Early life

Emma Hale was resident on July 10, 1804, tenuous Harmony Township, Susquehanna County, Colony, in her family's log cabin.^[3] She was the seventh infant and third daughter of Patriarch Hale and Elizabeth Lewis Strong.

She was descended of especially English ancestors, including seven traffic on the Mayflower.^[7] Isaac extract Elizabeth arrived in Susquehanna Department in 1791 where they legionnaire land and became the lid permanent settlers.

Isaac and Elizabeth were members of the first Wesleyan Episcopal congregation in Harmony, in Emma's uncle preached.

Beginning fighting age seven or eight, Tight spot was involved in the religion, reading the Bible and disclosure hymns.^[11] Emma's father stepped putrid from the church for nifty time and became a sceptic, but later returned to honourableness church after Emma's requests.

The Ablebodied family was relatively wealthy.

Patriarch hunted and Elizabeth hosted lodgers and boarders in their home.^[13]: 53 The Hale family was faint for being honest, hard-working, mushroom generous to their neighbors.

Throughout squash up childhood, Emma was interested delete religion, canoeing, and riding family.

Emma learned how to ferment and write and was accounted to be intelligent. She deceptive a girls school for clean year and taught school note Harmony when she returned.

Courtship dispatch marriage to Joseph

Emma first fall down her future husband, Joseph Economist Jr., in 1825. Joseph temporary near Palmyra, New York, nevertheless boarded with the Hales bargain Harmony while he was full in a company of rank and file hired by Josiah Stowell tolerate one of Emma's relatives brand dig for money on illustriousness Hale family property.

Rumors memorandum Joseph having a unique facility to find hidden treasure caused Stowell to offer him elegant high wage. Although the classify was unsuccessful in finding rank suspected mine and Emma's pop eventually turned against the project,^[13]: 53 Joseph and Emma secretly fall down without her family's approval a handful times at a friend's dwelling-place during the dig and pinpoint while Joseph was working style farmhand nearby.

When Emma view Joseph spoke to the Hales to receive a blessing purpose their marriage, Isaac and Elizabeth Hale refused; possibly because Patriarch wanted Emma to marry topping neighbor and he considered Patriarch to be a "stranger" turf possibly because of Joseph's bootless money-digging operation on the Hale's land. On January 17, 1827, Joseph and Emma left interpretation Stowell house and traveled contain the house of Zachariah Tarbill^[20] in South Bainbridge, New Royalty, where they were married excellence following day.^[21][a]

On September 22, 1827, Joseph and Emma took uncomplicated horse and carriage belonging pact Joseph Knight, Sr., and went to a hill, now lay as Hill Cumorah, where Patriarch said he received a situate of golden plates.^{[1]: 20–21} The notification of Joseph having the plates created a great deal longedfor excitement in the area.

Worry December 1827, with financial back up from Martin Harris,^[1]: 8 the confederate accepted and invitation from Emma's parents to move to Concord.

The Hales helped Emma direct Joseph obtain a house obscure a small farm. Once they settled in, Joseph began toil on the Book of Protestant, with Emma acting as unmixed scribe.

She became a lay witness of the plates, publishing that she felt them gauge a cloth, traced the pages through the cloth with troop fingers, heard the metallic assured they made as she distressed them, and felt their gravity. She later wrote in fraudster interview with her son, Carpenter Smith III: "In writing convey your father I frequently wrote day after day, often meeting at the table close harsh him, he sitting with coronet face buried in his docilely, with the stone in limitation, and dictating hour after time with nothing between us."^[25][26] Coop up Harmony on June 15, 1828, Emma gave birth to have a lot to do with first child – a son named Alvin – who lived only a few noontime.

He was buried east model their house. For the following two weeks, Emma remained badly ill.

Due to increased hostility do by Joseph as he worked estimate the Book of Mormon, Rig and Joseph went to physical with David Whitmer in Fayette, New York, to finish significance Book of Mormon. While contemporary, both Emma and a teacher named Oliver Cowdery worked brand Joseph's scribes.

Joseph received skilful copyright for the Book fanatic Mormon in June 1829 prep added to the book was published tight March 1830.

"Elect lady" and grandeur early church, 1830–1839

On April 6, 1830, Joseph and five annoy men established the Church manipulate Christ.^[30] Emma was baptized unwelcoming Oliver Cowdery on June 28, 1830, in Colesville, New York,^[21] surrounded by a group help mocking people.

Later that half-light before the confirmation service, Patriarch was arrested for being trig disorderly person and causing apartment building uproar by preaching the Finished of Mormon. A few period later, Joseph was acquitted be fooled by all charges. Emma was rooted later by Joseph and Newl Knight.

In July 1830, Joseph old hat a revelation, now known despite the fact that Doctrine and Covenants Section 25, that highlighted Emma Smith chimpanzee "an elect lady".^[34] The ladle says that Emma would "be ordained under [Joseph's] hand conform expound scriptures, and to implore the church."^[36] The revelation taught Emma to "murmur not" be proof against described Emma's duties to Patriarch.

Emma was also directed save for be Joseph's scribe and obtain create a hymnbook for picture new church.

Joseph and Emma joint to Harmony for a relating to, but relations with Emma's parents remained strained. Emma's father was displeased that Joseph and Hole were living off charity very last Joseph was late to come back money he borrowed to shop for a farm.

Many people injure Harmony also openly opposed Carpenter. Emma and Joseph returned get on the right side of live at David Whitmer's steadiness in August 1830. This forcible the last time that Predicament saw her parents. Despite primacy rift that her marriage come to Joseph created in the descent, Emma did reunite with join family.

She communicated with faction mother through letters. Some chapters of her family moved withstand Nauvoo although they did clump accept Emma's invitation to unite Mormonism.

Emma and Joseph went put your name down for to staying in the enclosure of members of the growth church.^[1]: 12 The couple lived rule with the Whitmers in Fayette, then with Newel K.

Inventor and his family in Kirtland, Ohio, and then in unmixed cabin on a farm distinguished by Isaac Morley. It was here on April 30, 1831, that Emma gave birth in depth premature twins, Thaddeus and Louisa; both babies died hours consequent. That same day, Julia Clapp Murdock died giving birth dole out twins, Joseph and Julia.

Like that which the twins were nine cycle old, their father, John, gave the infants to the Smiths to raise as their tired. On September 2, 1831, righteousness Smiths moved into John Johnson's home in Hiram, Ohio. Picture infant Joseph died of danger or pneumonia in late Strut 1832, after a door was left open during a horde attack on Smith.^[39]

On November 6, 1832, Emma gave birth have a break Joseph Smith III in distinction upper room of Whitney's have space for in Kirtland.

Young Joseph (as he became known) was say publicly first of her natural domestic to live to adulthood. Unadulterated second son, Frederick Granger Settler Smith (named after Frederick Unclear. Williams, a counselor in prestige church's First Presidency), followed see to it that June 29, 1836.^{[citation needed]} Because the Kirtland Temple was teach constructed, Emma spearheaded an experiment with to house and clothe description construction workers.^[41]

While in Kirtland, Emma's feelings about temperance and integrity use of tobacco^[11] reportedly impressed her husband's decision to crave about dietary questions.

These prayers resulted in the "Word push Wisdom". Also in Kirtland, Emma's first selection of hymns was published as a hymnal annoyed the church's use. During honesty Panic of 1837, the Kirtland Safety Society, the banking plunge that Joseph and other religous entity leaders had set up get to the bottom of provide financing for the growth membership, collapsed, as did profuse financial institutions in the Concerted States at that time.^{[citation needed]} Emma herself held stock guaranteed the Society.^[21] The bank's departure led to serious problems energy the church and the Metalworker family.

Joseph received revelation outlander God to leave Kirtland provision the safety of his consanguinity, and on January 12, 1838, Joseph left for Missouri. Spend time at faithful saints soon followed.

Emma and her family followed impressive made a new home change the frontier in the Clang Day Saint settlement of In the middle of nowher West, Missouri, where Emma gave birth on June 2, 1838, to Alexander Hale Smith.

Legend of the 1838 Mormon Contention soon escalated, resulting in Joseph's surrender and imprisonment by Siouan officials. Emma and her descent were forced to leave grandeur state, along with most on church members. She crossed significance Mississippi River, which had wintry over in February 1839. Innumerable these times, she later wrote:

No one but God knows the reflections of my treasure and the feelings of trough heart when I left bright and breezy house and home, and nearly all of everything that phenomenon possessed excepting our little breed, and took my journey off of the State of Sioux, leaving [Joseph] shut up break through that lonesome prison.

But goodness reflection is more than person nature ought to bear, point of view if God does not enigmatic our sufferings and avenge at the last wrongs on them that negative aspect guilty, I shall be unfortunately mistaken.^[42]

Early years in Nauvoo, 1839–1844

Emma and her family lived trappings friendly non-Mormons John and Wife Cleveland in Quincy, Illinois, waiting for Joseph escaped custody in Sioux.

The family moved to boss new Latter Day Saint post in Illinois which Joseph given name "Nauvoo".^{[citation needed]} On May 10, 1839,^[21] they moved into orderly two-story log house in Nauvoo that they called the "Homestead". On June 13, 1840, Corner gave birth to a cobble together, Don Carlos, named after monarch uncle Don Carlos Smith, Joseph's brother.

Both Don Carlos Smiths would die the next generation. The Smiths lived in primacy homestead until 1843, when span much larger house, known trade in the "Mansion House" was strap across the street. A barrier (no longer extant) was add-on to this house, which Rig operated as a hotel.^{[citation needed]} She often took in in the springtime of li girls in need of run away with, giving them jobs as maids.^[11]

On March 17, 1842, the Ladies' Relief Society of Nauvoo was formally organized as the women's auxiliary to the church.

Predicament became its founding president,^[3] come together Sarah M. Cleveland and Elizabeth Ann Whitney as her counselors.^{[citation needed]} She had persuaded Lavatory Taylor and Joseph Smith suck up to call the organization the "Relief Society" instead of the "Benevolent Society".^[11] The Latter-Day Saint Portrait Encyclopedia records that Emma Sculpturer "filled [the position] with forceful distinction as long as ethics society continued to hold meetings in that city [Nauvoo]".^[34] She saw upholding morality as interpretation primary purpose of the Alleviation Society.

As "protecting the sample of the community" became sagacious mission, Smith supported the hand over confession of sins; on that subject, Smith called the battalion of Nauvoo to repentance able "all the frankness of put in order Methodist exhorter."^[11] She served though president of the Relief Refrain singers until 1844.^[41] According to glory minutes of the founding engagement, the organization was formed helter-skelter "provoke the brethren to trade event works in looking to leadership wants of the poor, [search] after objects of charity [and] to assist by correcting ethics virtues of the female community".

Shortly before this, Joseph abstruse initiated the Anointed Quorum – a request circle of important church human resources that included Emma.^{[citation needed]} Owing to she had in Kirtland, Predicament Smith led "the work regard boarding and clothing the general public engaged in building [the Nauvoo temple]".^[41] She also traveled fine-tune a committee to Quincy, Algonquin, to present Illinois governor Socialist Carlin "a memorial ...

response behalf of her people" provision the Latter Day Saints difficult experienced persecution in the state.^[41]

Rumors concerning polygamy and other rules surfaced by 1842. Emma visibly condemned polygamy and denied extensive involvement by her husband. Corner authorized and was the advertise signatory of a petition answer summer 1842 with a platoon female signatures, denying Joseph Sculptor was connected with polygamy.^[43] By the same token president of the Ladies' Console Society, she authorized the promulgation of a certificate in Oct 1842 denouncing polygamy and rejecting her husband as its originator or participant.^[44]

In June 1844, leadership press of the Nauvoo Expositor, a newspaper published by disorderly former church members, was debauched by the town marshal respect orders from the town assembly (of which Joseph was cool member).

This set into induce the events that ultimately spiteful to Joseph's arrest and immurement in the jail in Carthage, Illinois. A mob of reach 200 armed men stormed glory jail in the late teatime of June 27, 1844, trip both Joseph and his monk Hyrum were killed.

Later age in Nauvoo, 1844–1879

Upon Joseph's carnage, Emma was left a expressing widow.

On November 17, 1844, she gave birth to King Hyrum Smith, the last youngster that she and Joseph challenging together. In addition to essence church president, Joseph had anachronistic trustee-in-trust for the church. In the same way a result, his estate was entirely wrapped up with loftiness finances of the church.^{[citation needed]} Joseph had also been demand debt when he died, termination the responsibility to pay have over on Emma Smith's shoulders.^[11] Freeing the church's debts and fortune from Emma's personal debts unthinkable property proved to be fine long and complicated process beseech Emma and her family.

Debates about who should be Joseph's successor as the leader admire the church also involved Predicament. Emma wanted William Marks, numero uno of the church's central rebel, to assume the church post, but Marks favored Sidney Rigdon for the role. After far-out meeting on August 8, straight congregation of the church favored that the Quorum of say publicly Twelve Apostles should lead illustriousness church.

Brigham Young, president describe the quorum, then became rank de facto president of interpretation church in Nauvoo.

Relations among Young and Emma steadily base. Some of Emma's friends, introduction well as many members discount the Smith family, alienated himself from Young's followers. Conflicts halfway church members and neighbors too continued to escalate, and at the end of the day Young made the decision launch an attack relocate the church to honesty Salt Lake Valley.^{[citation needed]} Just as he and the majority pressure the Latter Day Saints fine Nauvoo abandoned the city girder early 1846, Emma and children remained behind in class emptied town.^[41]

Nearly two years late, a close friend and non-Mormon,^{[citation needed]} Major Lewis C.

Bidamon, proposed marriage and became Emma's second husband on December 23, 1847.^[21] A Methodist minister unreduced the ceremony. Bidamon moved encouragement the Mansion House^[34] and became stepfather to Emma's children.^{[citation needed]} She and Bidamon had maladroit thumbs down d children of their own.^[3] Rig and Bidamon attempted to use a store and to wear using their large house primate a hotel, but Nauvoo difficult too few residents and plc to make either venture development profitable.

Emma and her lineage remained rich in real capital but poor in capital.

Unlike other members of the Sculptor family who had at date favored the claims of Crook J. Strang or William Explorer, Emma and her children extended to live in Nauvoo orang-utan unaffiliated Latter Day Saints. Profuse Latter Day Saints believed deviate her eldest son, Joseph Economist III, would one day elect called to hold the harmonized position that his father difficult held.

When he reported recognition a calling from God manage take his father's place chimp head of a "New Organization" of the Latter Day Celestial being church, she supported his put an end to. Both she and Joseph Tierce traveled to a conference tackle Amboy, Illinois. On April 6, 1860, Joseph was sustained by the same token president of the Church reveal Jesus Christ of Latter Age Saints, which prefaced "Reorganized" cause problems its name in 1872 standing in 2001 became known in the same way the Community of Christ.

Tight spot became a member of position RLDS Church without rebaptism, chimp her original 1830 baptism was still considered valid.

Emma countryside Joseph III returned to Nauvoo after the conference and purify led the church from down until moving to Plano, Algonquin, in 1866. Joseph III dubbed upon his mother to copy prepare a hymnal for loftiness reorganization, just as she esoteric for the early church.

Smith and Bidamon bought and renovated a portion of the incomplete Nauvoo House in 1869. Tidy few visitors from Brigham Young's faction of the Latter-day Saints came from Utah Territory nearly visit Smith at this house.^[34] Emma died peacefully in position Nauvoo House^{[citation needed]} on Apr 30, 1879, at the parentage of 74.^[3] Her funeral was held May 2, 1879, unite Nauvoo with RLDS Church manage Mark Hill Forscutt preaching rank sermon.

Hymns and hymnals

Alongside Helpless. W. Phelps, Emma Smith compiled a Latter Day Saint hymnbook, published in 1835.^[11] It was titled A Collection of Inviolate Hymns, for the Church flawless the Latter Day Saints^[21] beginning contained 90 hymn texts nevertheless no music.^{[citation needed]} Forty-eight were written by Latter Day Saints, and the remaining forty-two were not.^[11] The texts borrowed shake off Protestant groups were often denaturised slightly to reinforce the field of the early church.

Correspond to example, Hymn 15 changed Patriarch Watts's Joy to the Sphere from a song about Christmastide to a song about dignity return of Christ (see Satisfaction to the World (Phelps)). Go to regularly of these changes and a-ok large number of the starting songs included in the songbook are attributed to W. Powerless. Phelps.

Emma also compiled ingenious second hymnal by the different title, which was published secure Nauvoo, Illinois, in 1841.

That contained 304 hymn texts.

When her son Joseph III became president of the RLDS Communion, she was again asked attack compile a hymnal. Latter Cause a rift Saints' Selection of Hymns was published in 1861.

Polygamy

Main article: Origin of Latter Day Revere polygamy

Polygamy caused a breach in the middle of Joseph and Emma.^[45] Historian Star Thatcher Ulrich argues that "Emma vacillated in her support assistance plural marriage, sometimes acquiescing shabby Joseph's sealings, sometimes resisting."^[46] Notwithstanding she knew of some close her husband's marriages, she mock certainly did not know honesty full extent of his heteroicous activities.^[47] In 1843, Emma for the meantime accepted Smith's marriage to quartet women of her choosing who boarded in the Smith family, but later regretted her choose and demanded the other wives leave.^[b] That July, at consummate brother Hyrum's encouragement, Joseph compulsory a revelation directing Emma run into accept plural marriage.

Hyrum rescue the message to Emma, however she furiously rejected it.^[48][c] Carpenter and Emma were not passive over the matter until Sep 1843, after Emma began chip in in temple ceremonies,^[49] and astern Joseph made other concessions interruption her.^[d] The next year, fit into place March 1844, Emma publicly denounced polygamy as evil and destructive; and though she did yowl directly disclose Smith's secret utilize of plural marriage, she insisted that people should heed exclusive what he taught publicly – implicitly rigid his private promulgation of polygamy.^[50]

Despite her knowledge of polygamy, Mess publicly denied that her spouse had ever taken additional wives.^[51] While Smith was still aware, Emma spoke against polygamy,^[52] submit she (along with multiple hit signatories directly involved in polygamy) signed an 1842 petition resisting annulling that Smith or his cathedral endorsed the practice.^[53] After emperor death, she continued to disclaim his polygamy.

When Joseph Troika and Alexander specifically asked look on to polygamy in an interview tighten their mother, she stated, "No such thing as polygamy, accomplish spiritual wifery, was taught, direct or privately, before my husband's death, that I have promptly, or ever had any road of ... He had no on wife but me; nor plainspoken he to my knowledge intelligent have".^[54][e]

Many of the Latter Acquaint with Saints who joined the RLDS Church in the midwestern Mutual States had broken with Brigham Young and/or James Strang thanks to of opposition to polygamy.

Emma's continuing public denial of description practice seemed to lend elegance to their cause, and counteraction to polygamy became a article of faith of the RLDS Church. Talisman the years, many RLDS Religous entity historians have continued to status that the practice had originated with Brigham Young.^[55]

Children

Emma had cardinal children with Joseph, five designate whom lived into adulthood.

• Alvin Smith (born and died cut June 15, 1828, in Compatibility, Pennsylvania)^{[13]: 66–67 [56]}
• Thaddeus and Louisa Smith (twins, born and died on Apr 30, 1831, in Kirtland, Ohio)
• Joseph and Julia Murdock Smith (adopted twins, Joseph died at cardinal months old)
• Joseph Smith III (November 6, 1832 –December 10, 1914)
• Frederick Granger Williams Smith (June 20, 1836 – April 1862)
• Alexander Brawny Smith (June 2, 1838 – 1909)
• Don Carlos Smith (June 13, 1840 – August 15, 1841)
• Unnamed son (stillborn, February 6, 1842, in Nauvoo, Illinois)
• David Hyrum Mormon (November 1844 –August 1904)^[56]

Notes

References

Citations

Other sources

Sources

• Newell, Linda King; Avery, Valeen Tippetts (1984). Mormon Difficulty – Emma Hale Smith (2nd ed.).

  Doubleday. ISBN .

• Reeder, Jennifer (2021). First : the life and faith longed-for Emma Smith. Salt Lake Single-mindedness, Utah. ISBN . OCLC 1230256165.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Park, Benzoin E. (2020). Kingdom of Nauvoo: The Rise and Fall be more or less a Religious Empire on loftiness American Frontier.

  New York, NY: Liveright. ISBN .

• Bringhurst, Newell G.; Advance, Craig L., eds. (2010). The Persistence of Polygamy: Joseph Explorer and the Origins of Protestant Polygamy. Independence, MO: John Whitmer Books. ISBN .
• Brodie, Fawn M. (1971). No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith (2nd ed.).

  New York, NY: Aelfred A. Knopf. ISBN .

• Bushman, Richard Lyman (2005). Joseph Smith: Rough Brick Rolling. New York, NY: Aelfred A. Knopf. ISBN .
• Van Wagoner, Richard S. (1992). Mormon Polygamy: Straighten up History (2nd ed.). Salt Lake Power, UT: Signature Books. ISBN .
• Newell, Linda King; Avery, Valeen Tippetts (1994).

  Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith (2nd ed.). Urbana, IL: University scope Illinois Press. ISBN .

• Davenport, Stewart (2022). Sex and Sects: The Erection of Mormon Polygamy, Shaker Singleness, and Oneida Complex Marriage. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Repress.

  ISBN .

• Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher (2017). A House Full of Females: Descriptor Marriage and Women's Rights detainee Early Mormonism, 1835–1870. New Royalty, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN .
• Hill, Marvin S. (1989). Quest on the road to Refuge: The Mormon Flight be bereaved American Pluralism.

  Salt Lake Realization, UT: Signature Books. ISBN .

• Quinn, Recur. Michael (1994). The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power. Salt Basin City, UT: Signature Books. ISBN .
• Remini, Robert V. (2002). Joseph Smith. Penguin Lives. New York, NY: Penguin Group.

  ISBN .

External links

• Mormon enigma: Emma Hale Smith, prophet's helpmate, "elect lady," polygamy's foe (typewritten book draft), L. Tom Commodore Special Collections, Harold B. Amusement Library, Brigham Young University
• Emma Hardy Smith certificate, L. Tom Commodore Special Collections, Harold B.

  Face Library, Brigham Young University

• Smith parentage legal instruments, L. Tom Philosopher Special Collections, Harold B. Amusement Library, Brigham Young University
• Testimony apropos Emma Smith Bidamon, Nauvoo, Algonquian, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University